2020-9-26单例模式与工厂模式整合 对象的浅拷贝和深拷贝 组合

Python学习

对象的浅拷贝和深拷贝

变量的赋值操作：只是形成两个变量，实际还是指向同一个对象
浅拷贝：python拷贝一般都是浅拷贝，拷贝时，对象包含的子对象内容不拷贝，因此源对象和拷贝对象会引用同一个子对象
深拷贝：使用copy模块的deep copy函数，递归拷贝对象中包含的子对象，源对象和拷贝对象使用的子对象也不同

下面是Demo

#测试对象的浅拷贝和深拷贝
import copy
class MobilePhon:
    def __init__(self,cpu,screen):
        self.cpu = cpu
        self.screen = screen
class CPU:
    def calculate(self):
        print('算你个12345')
        print('cpu对象：',self)
class Screen:
    def show(self):
        print('显示一个好看的画面，亮瞎你的钛合金大眼')
        print('screen对象：',self)
#测试变量赋值
c1 = CPU()
c2 = c1
print(c2)
print(c1)
print('测试浅赋值')

#测试浅拷贝
s1 = Screen()
m1 = MobilePhon(c1,s1)
m2 = copy.copy(m1)

print(m1,m1.cpu,m1.screen)
print(m2,m2.cpu,m2.screen)
#测试深拷贝
m3 = copy.copy(m1)
print(m1,m1.cpu,m1.screen)
print(m3,m3.cpu,m3.screen)


E:\python\python37\python.exe E:/python/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/浅拷贝和深拷贝.py
<__main__.CPU object at 0x000002AC08726D88>
<__main__.CPU object at 0x000002AC08726D88>
测试浅赋值
<__main__.MobilePhon object at 0x000002AC08726E48> <__main__.CPU object at 0x000002AC08726D88> <__main__.Screen object at 0x000002AC08726F88>
<__main__.MobilePhon object at 0x000002AC08726F08> <__main__.CPU object at 0x000002AC08726D88> <__main__.Screen object at 0x000002AC08726F88>
<__main__.MobilePhon object at 0x000002AC08726E48> <__main__.CPU object at 0x000002AC08726D88> <__main__.Screen object at 0x000002AC08726F88>
<__main__.MobilePhon object at 0x000002AC0872A7C8> <__main__.CPU object at 0x000002AC08726D88> <__main__.Screen object at 0x000002AC08726F88>

Process finished with exit code 0

组合

is-a关系，我们可以使用继承，从而实现子类拥有父类的方法和属性，is-a关系指的类似这样的关系：狗时动物，dog is animal。狗类就应该继承动物
has-a关系，我们可以使用组合，也能实现一个类拥有另一个类的方法和属性。has-a关系指的时这样的关系：手机拥有CPU。MobilePhone has a CPU

下面是Demo

#测试对象的浅拷贝和深拷贝
import copy
class MobilePhon:
    def __init__(self,cpu,screen):
        self.cpu = cpu
        self.screen = screen
class CPU:
    def calculate(self):
        print('算你个12345')
        print('cpu对象：',self)
class Screen:
    def show(self):
        print('显示一个好看的画面，亮瞎你的钛合金大眼')
        print('screen对象：',self)
#组合测试
m = MobilePhon(CPU(),Screen())
m.cpu.calculate()
m.screen.show()

cpu对象： <__main__.CPU object at 0x0000020B5999A848>
显示一个好看的画面，亮瞎你的钛合金大眼
screen对象： <__main__.Screen object at 0x0000020B5999A948>


#测试组合
#使用继承实现代码的复用
class A1:
    def say_a1(self):
        print('a1,a1,a')
class B1(A1):
    pass

b1 = B1()
b1.say_a1()
#同样的效果使用组合实现代码的复用

class A2:
    def say_a2(self):
        print('a2,a2,a2')
class B2:
    def __init__(self,a):
        self.a=a
a2 = A2()
b2 = B2(a2)
b2.a.say_a2()
E:\python\python37\python.exe E:/python/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/组合.py
a1,a1,a
a2,a2,a2

Process finished with exit code 0

设计模式_工厂模式实现

工厂模式：实现了创建者和调用者的分离，使用专门的工厂类将选择实现类，创建对象进行统一的管理和控制

下面是Demo

#测试工厂模式
class CarFactory:
    def create_car(self,brand):
        if brand =='奔驰':
            return  Benz()
        elif brand =='宝马':
            return  BMW()
        elif brand =='比亚迪':
            return BYD()
        else:
            return '未知品牌无法创建'
class Benz:
    pass
class BMW:
    pass
class BYD:
    pass
factory = CarFactory()
c1 = factory.create_car('奔驰')
c2 = factory.create_car('比亚迪')
print(c1)
print(c2)


E:\python\python37\python.exe E:/python/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/工厂模式.py
<__main__.Benz object at 0x0000020AB309ECC8>
<__main__.BYD object at 0x0000020AB31ABB08>

Process finished with exit code 0

设计模式_单例模式

单例模式的核心作用是一个类只有一个实例，并且提供一个访问该实例的全局访问点

下面是Demo

#测试单列模式


class MySingleton:
    __obj = None#类属性
    __init_flag = True
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if cls.__obj == None:
            cls.__obj = object.__new__(cls)
        return cls.__obj

    def __init__(self,name):
        if MySingleton.__init_flag:
            print('init,,,,,')
            self.name = name
            MySingleton.__init_flag = False
        
a = MySingleton('aa')
b = MySingleton('bb')
print(a)
print(b)
c = MySingleton('cc')
print(c)

E:\python\python37\python.exe E:/python/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/单例模式.py
init,,,,,
<__main__.MySingleton object at 0x0000016D8D13EAC8>
<__main__.MySingleton object at 0x0000016D8D13EAC8>
<__main__.MySingleton object at 0x0000016D8D13EAC8>

Process finished with exit code 0

设计模式_单例模式与工厂模式整合

下面是Demo

#测试工厂模式
class CarFactory:

    __obj = None#类属性
    __init_flag = True
    def create_car(self,brand):
        if brand =='奔驰':
            return  Benz()
        elif brand =='宝马':
            return  BMW()
        elif brand =='比亚迪':
            return BYD()
        else:
            return '未知品牌无法创建'

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if cls.__obj == None:
            cls.__obj = object.__new__(cls)
        return cls.__obj

    def __init__(self):
        if CarFactory.__init_flag:
            print('init,,CarFactory,,,')

            CarFactory.__init_flag = False
class Benz:
    pass
class BMW:
    pass
class BYD:
    pass
factory = CarFactory()
c1 = factory.create_car('奔驰')
c2 = factory.create_car('比亚迪')
print(c1)
print(c2)
factory2 = CarFactory()
print(factory)
print(factory2)

E:\python\python37\python.exe E:/python/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/工厂模式和单例模式整合.py
init,,CarFactory,,,
<__main__.Benz object at 0x000002082A336DC8>
<__main__.BYD object at 0x000002082A336D88>
<__main__.CarFactory object at 0x000002082A336D48>
<__main__.CarFactory object at 0x000002082A336D48>

Process finished with exit code 0