物联网与嵌入式系统概论-week1-What Is the IoT- Lesson2: Trends of the IoT

This series of articles are the study notes of "An Introduction to Programming the Internet of Things", by Prof. Harris, Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine. This article is week 1, lessen 1: Definition of the Internet of Things (IoT). Thisarticle is the notes of Lesson2: Trends in the Adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT).

2.Lesson 2 Trendsin the Adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT)

2.1 Lecture2-1 Trendsin the Adoption of IoT

2.1.1 Computational cost

One trend is cost, is the straight cost of devices, computational technology has gotten alot cheaper than it used to be.

2.1.2 Hardware size

Computational technology has also shrunk and gotten lighter to the point that it can be incorporated in lots of different devices. Smaller size and less weight needed to incorporate computation into devices.

This is a picture of ENIAC 1945, 1800 square feet, 27 tons

A laptop computer today: 0.05 square feet, under 3 pounds

2.1.3 Computational Ability

Now, another big trend that helps make IoT possible is the fact that computational ability has grown dramatically since, say, So in 1945, that ENIAC that you saw, that got approximately 5,000 instructions per second. Now, a standard laptop 18 billion, now this is plus or minus, right, but 18 billion easy. That's a dramatic improvement, and what that buys you, what that gives you is a fact that you can implement a lot more features. There are many things that you couldn't have dreamed of being able to do back in 1945 with a computer that you can now handle because you have so many more computations to play within a unit of time.

2.1.4 Internete Access

Another trend is Internet access. Internet is available almost everywhere in the developed world. So, in 1945the Internet didn't exist. Networking wasn't there, but Internet access has improved. So, the Internet is reachable from a lot of places. First, it exists.It didn't used to exist. But now it's also true that in lots of different places, almost everywhere, you can access the Internet through some mechanism. Alsothe fact that you can do Internet access wirelessly. That actually helps awhole lot because running cables is expensive. Where putting up a wireless router is much less expensive.

Wireless access (cell phone, Wi-Fi) enables networking with cheapinfrastructure. Less need to install physical cables. Anddata costs are fairly low. 

2.2 Lecture 2.2 IoT Is Powerful and Pervasive

This lecture we'll talk about the pervasive nature ofIoT. The fact that IoT is everywhere, and even though we're not necessarily awareof it all the time. It's there and it's helpful. So not only is it everywhere, it'salso networked. So it gives you access to all these abilities, all thesefeatures of things that are in the network and it gives you access to them atall times. So it's sort of a constant connection. So there are a lot ofabilities to that, it makes it very powerful. 

2.2.1 Interface to the Cloud

• Siri enables search with verbal questions
• View any movie, listen to any song, read anybook

First, a lot of what you can think of asIoT devices, you can see them as an interface to the Cloud.  By the Cloud, I mean big, powerful computer servers that are accessed through the Internet. And these compute servers can doa variety of things for you. And we can see that devices, small devices, IoTdevices, are basically a window to these Cloud servers.

2.2.2 Networking is Powerful

IoT device interfaces can leverage powerful serversand large databases. So your device is in some ways just a conduit to somethingmuch more powerful than your actual IoT device. So there are a lot of IoTdevices that act in that way that are just access points for something much biggerout there in the Cloud. So this is basically leveraging the networking featuresof these IoT devices. So that basically just what I was saying, you can accessthese large databases, large computational service to get, whatever access towhatever kind of data you want to get, and to do, perform things that you wantto perform, format operations that you need to form remotely. 

2.2.3 IoT is also pervasive

IoT is also pervasive. Since networking is pervasive, IoT is pervasive, which means it is everywhere. It is embedded in devices and you're not necessarily aware of that, but they're all over the place and if you just look around whatever room you'rein, you'll probably see these devices. I mean, of course, There are cameras allover, microphones and all this, projectors, things like this. They're all inthis room. My watch, my phone, they're all over the place just helping me invarious ways. So if you look at your house, you think about inside your house, how many computers you have inside of your house, traditional computers, laptop, desktop. But if I think of how many IoT devices I have, a lot more, my DVR, my fridge, my microwave oven, my TV, etc. There's so many IoT devices just everywhere. 

At home

Home automation systems that are connected to thenetwork, so you can, you've probably seen commercials on this type of thing.You can go to your cell phone and turn off your lights at home from your cell phone, things like this. So,  IoT devices are pervasive and they're just everywhere. 

Atwork

At work, we have motion sensors in every room. For lighting, to save the power on lights, the lights go off if there's no motion in the room. So they have motion sensors in every room, down everyhall, checking to see if something's moving and if they need to keep the lights off or on. But using video surveillance devices, you know, the ATM had a camera and they used that to catch the crook, right. There are devices all over the place that are surveilling us for beneficial purposes. Like traffic light cams. Now traffic light cams, it's beneficial, they go to ticket you. I don't likeit, right, but I can see the social benefit to being able to track when somebody runs a light and giving people tickets. So IoT is everywhere, in all sorts of devices that you interact with every day.