TypeError: sum() got multiple values for argument ‘x‘

functools.partial时的一个报错

def sum(x,y) :
    return x+y

f = functools.partial( f, y=1 )

f(2)
3 # Works as expected

def sum(x,y) :
    return x+y

f = functools.partial( f, x=1 )

f(2)
TypeError: sum() got multiple values for argument 'x'

报错原因：

Python first fulfils the positional arguments, and your first argument is x. Then the keyword arguments are applied, and you again supplied x.

functools.partial() has no means to detect that you already supplied the first positional argument as a keyword argument instead. It will not augment your call by replacing the positional argument with a y= keyword argument.

When mixing positional and keyword arguments, you must take care not to use the same argument twice.

ref: functools.partial wants to use a positional argument as a keyword argument