一、DataBinding使用
本文着重讲解DataBinding原理,使用的例子比较简单,若读者想要了解更多的DataBinding的使用方法介绍,可以自寻相关资料,本文纯属个人理解,若有错误,还望指出(抱拳)
在app模块的build.gradle中加入如下配置
android {
...
dataBinding {
enabled = true
}
}
现在你就可以在代码中使用DataBinding了,这里我们举个简单例子,给一个TextView设置单向绑定一个ObservableField< String>类型的name,给一个EditText设置双向绑定一个类型为ObservableField< String>的nickName,点击一个Button可以获取nickName里面的值,nickName首先显示“美女”,在代码中延迟三秒后将nickName的值改为“延迟三秒”,三秒后然后观察到EditText上文本变为“延迟三秒”,然后再将EditText上文本删除,输入“beauty”,点击button获取nickName的值,发现也是“beauty”,这里的name是单项绑定到TextView上,nickName是双向绑定到EditText上。
来看下布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
<data>
<variable
name="userInfo"
type="com.jokerwan.databinding.UserInfo" />
<variable
name="listener"
type="android.view.View.OnClickListener" />
</data>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:gravity="center">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@{userInfo.name}"
android:textSize="16sp"
tools:text="姓名"/>
<EditText
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@={userInfo.nickName}"
tools:text="昵称"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_get_nick"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="获取model里面的昵称"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
android:onClick="@{listener}"/>
</LinearLayout>
</layout>
注意这里给TextView和EditText绑定数据的区别:
给TextView是设置单项绑定
android:text="@{userInfo.name}"
,
给EditText是设置双向绑定
android:text="@={userInfo.nickName}"
可以看到单项绑定和双向绑定的区别就是“@”和“{}”之间多了个“=”。
xml绑定了一个UserInfo对象和一个listener,listener是Button的点击监听,我们来看下UserInfo的代码
public class UserInfo {
private ObservableField<String> name = new ObservableField<>();
private ObservableField<String> nickName = new ObservableField<>();
public ObservableField<String> getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name.set(name);
}
public ObservableField<String> getNickName() {
return nickName;
}
public void setNickName(String nickName) {
this.nickName.set(nickName);
}
}
再看下MainActivity中的代码,主要就是构造UserInfo并给binding的属性赋值
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
private UserInfo userInfo;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
ActivityMainBinding binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);
userInfo = new UserInfo();
userInfo.setName("王昭君");
userInfo.setNickName("美人");
binding.setUserInfo(userInfo);
binding.setListener(this);
binding.getRoot().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
userInfo.setNickName("延迟三秒");
}
}, 3000);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_get_nick) {
Toast.makeText(this, userInfo.getNickName().get(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
可以看到,使用了数据绑定,我们的代码逻辑结构变得清晰,由数据绑定框架替我们生成findViewById和给View设置数据的代码,数据绑定框架帮我们做了控件的数据变化监听,并将数据同步更新到控件上。
二、DataBinding原理分析
数据绑定的运行机制是怎样的呢?,为什么我们改变nickName的值UI上可以直接更新,我们操作UI,对应的nickName的值也会更新呢,下面我们一探DataBinding的究竟。
首先我们要先找到一个切入点,就是MainActivity中的
DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);
public static <T extends ViewDataBinding> T setContentView(@NonNull Activity activity,
int layoutId) {
return setContentView(activity, layoutId, sDefaultComponent);
}
public static <T extends ViewDataBinding> T setContentView(@NonNull Activity activity,
int layoutId, @Nullable DataBindingComponent bindingComponent) {
activity.setContentView(layoutId);
View decorView = activity.getWindow().getDecorView();
ViewGroup contentView = (ViewGroup) decorView.findViewById(android.R.id.content);
return bindToAddedViews(bindingComponent, contentView, 0, layoutId);
}
private static <T extends ViewDataBinding> T bindToAddedViews(DataBindingComponent component,
ViewGroup parent, int startChildren, int layoutId) {
final int endChildren = parent.getChildCount();
final int childrenAdded = endChildren - startChildren;
if (childrenAdded == 1) {
final View childView = parent.getChildAt(endChildren - 1);
return bind(component, childView, layoutId);
} else {
final View[] children = new View[childrenAdded];
for (int i = 0; i < childrenAdded; i++) {
children[i] = parent.getChildAt(i + startChildren);
}
return bind(component, children, layoutId);
}
}
static <T extends ViewDataBinding> T bind(DataBindingComponent bindingComponent, View root,
int layoutId) {
return (T) sMapper.getDataBinder(bindingComponent, root, layoutId);
}
从DataBindingUtil.setContentView()
一路方法调用跟下来,这里的parent是布局id为R.id.content
的跟布局,一般跟布局里面就是我们自己的布局,最外层是一个容器,所以childrenAdded == 1,并调用bind(component, childView, layoutId)
方法,跟进bind()方法发现调用sMapper.getDataBinder(bindingComponent, root, layoutId)
,
这里的sMapper是DataBinderMapper类,该类是抽象类,找到它的实现类DataBinderMapperImpl,路径是:
app/build/generated/ap_generated_sources/debug/out/com/jokerwan/databinding/DataBinderMapperImpl.java
DataBinderMapperImpl#getDataBinder(bindingComponent, root, layoutId)
@Override
public ViewDataBinding getDataBinder(DataBindingComponent component, View view, int layoutId) {
int localizedLayoutId = INTERNAL_LAYOUT_ID_LOOKUP.get(layoutId);
if(localizedLayoutId > 0) {
final Object tag = view.getTag();
if(tag == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("view must have a tag");
}
switch(localizedLayoutId) {
case LAYOUT_ACTIVITYMAIN: {
if ("layout/activity_main_0".equals(tag)) {
return new ActivityMainBindingImpl(component, view);
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException("The tag for activity_main is invalid. Received: " + tag);
}
}
}
return null;
}
判断view的tag是不是与layout/activity_main_0
相等,如果相等,就new ActivityMainBindingImpl(component, view)
,这个ActivityMainBindingImpl就是DataBinding框架根据我们的activity_main.xml通过APT在编译时生成的类,ActivityMainBindingImpl的路径为:
app/build/generated/ap_generated_sources/debug/out/com/jokerwan/databinding/databinding/ActivityMainBindingImpl.java
有的小伙伴就有疑问了,为什么是layout/activity_main_0
,view的t