Common administrative commands in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, 6, and 7

官网转载：https://access.redhat.com/articles/1189123

Updated September 25 2015 at 2:31 PM - English

Lists common administrative commands for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, 6 and 7. Printable poster also available.

System basics

Task	RHEL5	RHEL6	RHEL7
View subscription information	/etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid	/etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid subscription-manager identity	subscription-manager identity
Configure subscription	rhn_register subscription-manager 1	rhn_register rhnreg_ks subscription-manager	subscription-manager2 rhn_register 3
View RHEL version information	/etc/redhat-release
View system profile	sosreport dmidecode hwbrowser	sosreport dmidecode lstopo lscpu

Basic configuration

Task	RHEL5	RHEL6	RHEL7
Graphical configuration tools	system-config-*		gnome-control-center
Text-based configuration tools	system-config-*-tui
Configure printer	system-config-printer
Configure network	system-config-network		nmcli nmtui nm-connection-editor
Configure system language	system-config-language		localectl
Configure time and date	system-config-date date		timedatectl date
Synchronize time and date	ntpdate /etc/ntp.conf		timedatectl /etc/chrony.conf ntpdate
Configure keyboard	system-config-keyboard		localectl
Configure SSH	/etc/ssh/ssh_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config ~/.ssh/config ssh-keygen

Jobs and services

Task	RHEL5	RHEL6	RHEL7
List all services	chkconfig --list ls /etc/init.d/		systemctl -at service ls /etc/systemd/system/*.service ls /usr/lib/systemd/system/*.service
List running services	service --status-all		systemctl -t service --state=active
Start/stop service	service name start service name stop		systemctl start name.service systemctl stop name.service
Enable/disable service	chkconfig name on chkconfig name off		systemctl enable name.service systemctl disable name.service
View service status	service name status		systemctl status name.service
Check if service is enabled	chkconfig name --list		systemctl is-enabled name
Create new service file or modify configuration	chkconfig --add		systemctl daemon-reload /etc/systemd/system/*.service
View run level/target	runlevel who -r		systemctl get-default who -r
Change run level/target	/etc/inittab init run_level		systemctl isolate name.target systemctl set-default
Configure logging	/etc/syslog.conf	/etc/rsyslog.conf	/etc/rsyslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf /var/log/journal systemd-journald.service
View logs	/var/log		/var/log journalctl
Configure system audit	add audit=1 to kernel cmdline auditctl /etc/audit/auditd.conf /etc/audit/audit.rules authconfig /etc/pam.d/system-auth pam_tty_audit kernel module
View audit output	aureport /var/log/faillog
Schedule/batch tasks	cron at batch
Find file by name	locate
Find file by characteristic	find
Create archive	tar cpio zip

Kernel, boot, and hardware

Task	RHEL5	RHEL6	RHEL7
Single user/rescue mode	append 1 or s or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline		append rd.break or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline
Shut down system	shutdown
Power off system	poweroff		poweroff systemctl poweroff
Halt system	halt		halt systemctl halt
Reboot system	reboot		reboot systemctl reboot
Configure default run level/target	/etc/inittab		systemctl set-default
Configure GRUB bootloader	/boot/grub/grub.conf		/etc/default/grub grub2-mkconfig grub-set-default
Configure kernel module	modprobe
View hardware configured	hwbrowser	lshw (in EPEL)
Configure hardware device	udev
View kernel parameters	sysctl -a cat /proc/cmdline
Load kernel module	modprobe
Remove kernel module	modprobe -r
View kernel version	rpm -q kernel uname -r

Software management

Task	RHEL5	RHEL6	RHEL7
Install software	yum install yum groupinstall		yum install yum group install
View software info	yum info yum groupinfo		yum info yum group info
Update software	yum update
Upgrade software	yum upgrade
Configure software repository	subscription-manager repos /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
Find package owning file	rpm -qf filename yum provides filename-glob
View software version	rpm -q packagename
View installed software	rpm -qa yum list installed

User management

Task	RHEL5	RHEL6	RHEL7
Graphical user management	system-config-users
Create user account	useradd
Delete user account	userdel
View/change user account details	usermod /etc/passwd vipw id
Create user group	groupadd
Delete user group	groupdel
Change group details	groupmod /etc/group
Change user password	passwd
Change user permissions	usermod visudo
Change group permissions	groupmod visudo
Change password policy	chage
View user sessions	w

File systems, volumes, and disks

Task	RHEL5	RHEL6	RHEL7
Default file system	ext3	ext4	xfs
Create/modify disk partitions	fdisk parted		fdisk gdisk parted ssm create
Format disk partition	mkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs) mkswap		mkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs) mkswap ssm create
Defragment disk space	copy data to new file system fsck (look for 'non-contiguous inodes')	copy data to new file system fsck (look for 'non-contiguous inodes') xfs_fsr
Mount storage	mount /etc/fstab		mount /etc/fstab ssm mount
Mount and activate swap	/etc/fstab swapon -a
Configure static mounts	/etc/fstab
View free disk space	df
View logical volume info	lvdisplay lvs vgdisplay vgs pvdisplay pvs
Create physical volume	pvcreate		pvcreate ssm create (if backend is lvm)
Create volume group	vgcreate		vgcreate ssm create (if backend is lvm)
Create logical volume	lvcreate		lvcreate ssm create (if backend is lvm)
Enlarge volumes formatted with default file system	vgextend lvextend resize2fs		vgextend lvextend xfs_growfs ssm resize
Shrink volumes formatted with default file system	resize2fs lvreduce vgreduce		XFS cannot currently be shrunk; copy desired data to a smaller file system.
Check/repair file system	fsck		fsck ssm check
View NFS share	showmount -e mount
Configure NFS share	/etc/exports service nfs reload		/etc/exports systemctl reload nfs.service
Configure on-demand auto-mounts	/etc/auto.master.d/*.autofs /etc/auto.*
Change file permissions	chmod chown chgrp umask (future file creation)
Change file attributes	chattr
Change access control list	setfacl

Networking

Task	RHEL5	RHEL6	RHEL7
Configure name resolution	/etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf		/etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf nmcli con mod
Configure hostname	/etc/sysconfig/network		hostnamectl /etc/hostname nmtui
View network interface info	ip addr ifconfig brctl		ip addr nmcli dev show teamdctl brctl bridge
Configure network interface	/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-*		/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* nmcli con [add|mod|edit] nmtui nm-connection-editor
View routes	ip route
Configure routes	ip route add system-config-network /etc/sysconfig/route-iface		ip route add nmcli nmtui nm-connection-editor /etc/sysconfig/route-iface
Configure firewall	iptables and ip6tables /etc/sysconfig/ip*tables	iptables and ip6tables /etc/sysconfig/ip*tables system-config-firewall	firewall-cmd firewall-config
View ports/sockets	ss lsof netstat		ss lsof

Security and identity

Task	RHEL5	RHEL6	RHEL7
Configure system security	/etc/selinux/config chcon restorecon semanage setsebool system-config-selinux
Report on system security	sealert
LDAP, SSSD, Kerberos	authconfig authconfig-tui authconfig-gtk
Network users	getent

Resource management

Task	RHEL5	RHEL6	RHEL7
Trace system calls	strace
Trace library calls	ltrace
Change process priority	nice renice
Change process run location	taskset
Kill a process	kill pkill killall
View system usage	top ps sar iostat netstat vmstat mpstat numastat	top ps sar iostat netstat ss vmstat mpstat numastat tuna	top ps sar iostat ss vmstat mpstat numastat tuna
View disk usage	df	df iostat

1. Be aware of potential issues when using subscription-manager on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5: https://access.redhat.com/solutions/129003. ↩

2. subscription-manager is used for Satellite 6, Satellite 5.6 with SAM and newer, and Red Hat's CDN. ↩

3. RHN tools are deprecated on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. rhn_register should be used for Satellite server 5.6 and newer only. For details, see: What's the difference between management services provided by Red Hat Network (RHN) Classic and Red Hat Customer Portal Subscription Management/RHSM?, Transition of Red Hat Network Classic Hosted to Red Hat Subscription Management, and Satellite 5.6 unable to register RHEL 7 client system due to rhn-setup package not included in Minimal installation↩