fork()的使用；僵尸进程和wait/waitpid函数的使用

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc ,char *argv[])
{
	pid_t  pid;
	pid_t  pid_num;
	pid_t  farther_pid_num;
	farther_pid_num=getpid();
	printf("farther_pid_num = %d \n",farther_pid_num);
	static  int  static_num=10;
	pid=fork();
	if(pid<0)
	{
		printf("fork error\n");
		
	}else if(pid==0)
	{
		printf("this  is son  thread\n");
		pid_num=getpid();
		printf("pid_num = %d \n",pid_num);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("this  is farther  thread\n");
		pid_num=getpid();
		printf("pid_num = %d \n",pid_num);
	}		
	
	for (int i=0;i<10;++i)
	{   
        static_num++;
		printf("i = %d ,static_num=%d\n",i,static_num);
		
	}
}

执行结果如下：

/* 
 *  fork_test.c 
 *  version 2 
 *  Created on: 2010-5-29 
 *      Author: wangth 
 */  
#include <unistd.h>  
#include <stdio.h>  
int main(void)  
{  
   int i=0;  
   printf("i son/pa   ppid   pid   fpid\n");  
   //ppid指当前进程的父进程pid  
   //pid指当前进程的pid,  
   //fpid指fork返回给当前进程的值  
   for(i=0;i<2;i++){  
       pid_t fpid=fork();  
       if(fpid==0)  
           printf("%d child  %4d  %4d  %4d\n",i,getppid(),getpid(),fpid);  
       else  
           printf("%d parent %4d  %4d  %4d\n",i,getppid(),getpid(),fpid);  
   }  
   return 0;  
}  

2.僵尸进程和wait/waitpid

孤儿进程：父进程退出，子进程还在运行；

僵尸进程：子进程运行结束，但是父进程未调用wait/waitpid函数获取状态信息；

避免僵尸进程的方法：(1)使用wait/waitpid;(2)使用两次fork函数。

//wait/taipid 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc ,char *argv[])
{
	pid_t  pid;
	pid_t  pid_num;
	pid_t  farther_pid_num;
	farther_pid_num=getpid();
	printf("farther_pid_num = %d \n",farther_pid_num);
	
	pid=fork();
	if(pid<0)
	{
		printf("fork error\n");
		
	}else if(pid==0)
	{   
        printf("============================\n");
		printf("this  is son  thread\n");
		pid_num=getpid();
		printf("son pid_num = %d \n",pid_num);
	}else{
	printf("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++\n");
	printf("this  is farther  thread\n");
	printf("son  pid = %d\n",pid);//父进程返回的是子进程的ID
	pid_num=getpid();
	printf("farther pid_num = %d \n",pid_num);	
	system("ps -ef|grep fork");
	sleep(10);	
	int ret = waitpid(-1,NULL,WNOHANG);
	if(ret < 0)
	{
		printf("ret = %d\n",ret);
	}
	system("ps -ef|grep fork");
	
   }


}

运行结果 ：

//两次fork
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc ,char *argv[])
{
	pid_t  pid;
	pid_t  pid_num;
	pid_t  farther_pid_num;
	farther_pid_num=getpid();
	pid_t second_pid_num;
	printf("farther_pid_num = %d \n",farther_pid_num);
	
	pid=fork();
	if(pid<0)
	{
		printf("fork error\n");
		
	}else if(pid==0)
	{   
        printf("============================\n");
		printf("this  is son  thread\n");
		pid_num=getpid();
		printf("son pid_num = %d \n",pid_num);
		second_pid_num =fork();
		if(second_pid_num<0)
		{
			printf("second fork error\n");
		}else if(second_pid_num==0){
			sleep(30);
			printf("second fork son pid_num = %d\n",getpid());
			system("ps -ef|grep fork");
			
		}else{
			printf("second fork father pid_num = %d\n",getpid());	
            system("ps -ef|grep fork");			
		}		
		
	}else{
	printf("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++\n");
	printf("this  is farther  thread\n");
	printf("son  pid = %d\n",pid);//父进程返回的是子进程的ID
	pid_num=getpid();
	printf("farther pid_num = %d \n",pid_num);	
	
	sleep(10);	
	int ret = waitpid(-1,NULL,WNOHANG);
	if(ret < 0)
	{
		printf("ret = %d\n",ret);
	}
	
   }


}