共享内存

server.c 

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/shm.h>  // shared memory
#include<sys/sem.h>  // semaphore
#include<sys/msg.h>  // message queue
#include<string.h>   // memcpy

// 消息队列结构
struct msg_form {
    long mtype;
    char mtext;
};

// 联合体，用于semctl初始化
union semun
{
    int              val; /*for SETVAL*/
    struct semid_ds *buf;
    unsigned short  *array;
};

// 初始化信号量
int init_sem(int sem_id, int value)
{
    union semun tmp;
    tmp.val = value;
    if(semctl(sem_id, 0, SETVAL, tmp) == -1)
    {
        perror("Init Semaphore Error");
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

// P操作:
//  若信号量值为1，获取资源并将信号量值-1 
//  若信号量值为0，进程挂起等待
int sem_p(int sem_id)
{
    struct sembuf sbuf;
    sbuf.sem_num = 0; /*序号*/
    sbuf.sem_op = -1; /*P操作*/
    sbuf.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;

    if(semop(sem_id, &sbuf, 1) == -1)
    {
        perror("P operation Error");
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

// V操作：
//  释放资源并将信号量值+1
//  如果有进程正在挂起等待，则唤醒它们
int sem_v(int sem_id)
{
    struct sembuf sbuf;
    sbuf.sem_num = 0; /*序号*/
    sbuf.sem_op = 1;  /*V操作*/
    sbuf.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;

    if(semop(sem_id, &sbuf, 1) == -1)
    {
        perror("V operation Error");
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

// 删除信号量集
int del_sem(int sem_id)
{
    union semun tmp;
    if(semctl(sem_id, 0, IPC_RMID, tmp) == -1)
    {
        perror("Delete Semaphore Error");
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

// 创建一个信号量集
int creat_sem(key_t key)
{
    int sem_id;
    if((sem_id = semget(key, 1, IPC_CREAT|0666)) == -1)
    {
        perror("semget error");
        exit(-1);
    }
    init_sem(sem_id, 1);  /*初值设为1资源未占用*/
    return sem_id;
}


int main()
{
    key_t key;
    int shmid, semid, msqid;
    char *shm;
    char data[] = "this is server";
    struct shmid_ds buf1;  /*用于删除共享内存*/
    struct msqid_ds buf2;  /*用于删除消息队列*/
    struct msg_form msg;  /*消息队列用于通知对方更新了共享内存*/

    // 获取key值
    if((key = ftok(".", 'z')) < 0)
    {
        perror("ftok error");
        exit(1);
    }

    // 创建共享内存
    if((shmid = shmget(key, 1024, IPC_CREAT|0666)) == -1)
    {
        perror("Create Shared Memory Error");
        exit(1);
    }

    // 连接共享内存
    shm = (char*)shmat(shmid, 0, 0);
    if((int)shm == -1)
    {
        perror("Attach Shared Memory Error");
        exit(1);
    }


    // 创建消息队列
    if ((msqid = msgget(key, IPC_CREAT|0777)) == -1)
    {
        perror("msgget error");
        exit(1);
    }

    // 创建信号量
    semid = creat_sem(key);
    
    // 读数据
    while(1)
    {
        msgrcv(msqid, &msg, 1, 888, 0); /*读取类型为888的消息*/
        if(msg.mtext == 'q')  /*quit - 跳出循环*/ 
            break;
        if(msg.mtext == 'r')  /*read - 读共享内存*/
        {
            sem_p(semid);
            printf("%s\n",shm);
            sem_v(semid);
        }
    }

    // 断开连接
    shmdt(shm);

    /*删除共享内存、消息队列、信号量*/
    shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, &buf1);
    msgctl(msqid, IPC_RMID, &buf2);
    del_sem(semid);
    return 0;
}

client.c

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/shm.h>  // shared memory
#include<sys/sem.h>  // semaphore
#include<sys/msg.h>  // message queue
#include<string.h>   // memcpy

// 消息队列结构
struct msg_form {
    long mtype;
    char mtext;
};

// 联合体，用于semctl初始化
union semun
{
    int              val; /*for SETVAL*/
    struct semid_ds *buf;
    unsigned short  *array;
};

// P操作:
//  若信号量值为1，获取资源并将信号量值-1 
//  若信号量值为0，进程挂起等待
int sem_p(int sem_id)
{
    struct sembuf sbuf;
    sbuf.sem_num = 0; /*序号*/
    sbuf.sem_op = -1; /*P操作*/
    sbuf.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;

    if(semop(sem_id, &sbuf, 1) == -1)
    {
        perror("P operation Error");
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

// V操作：
//  释放资源并将信号量值+1
//  如果有进程正在挂起等待，则唤醒它们
int sem_v(int sem_id)
{
    struct sembuf sbuf;
    sbuf.sem_num = 0; /*序号*/
    sbuf.sem_op = 1;  /*V操作*/
    sbuf.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;

    if(semop(sem_id, &sbuf, 1) == -1)
    {
        perror("V operation Error");
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}


int main()
{
    key_t key;
    int shmid, semid, msqid;
    char *shm;
    struct msg_form msg;
    int flag = 1; /*while循环条件*/

    // 获取key值
    if((key = ftok(".", 'z')) < 0)
    {
        perror("ftok error");
        exit(1);
    }

    // 获取共享内存
    if((shmid = shmget(key, 1024, 0)) == -1)
    {
        perror("shmget error");
        exit(1);
    }

    // 连接共享内存
    shm = (char*)shmat(shmid, 0, 0);
    if((int)shm == -1)
    {
        perror("Attach Shared Memory Error");
        exit(1);
    }

    // 创建消息队列
    if ((msqid = msgget(key, 0)) == -1)
    {
        perror("msgget error");
        exit(1);
    }

    // 获取信号量
    if((semid = semget(key, 0, 0)) == -1)
    {
        perror("semget error");
        exit(1);
    }
    
    // 写数据
    printf("***************************************\n");
    printf("*                 IPC                 *\n");
    printf("*    Input r to send data to server.  *\n");
    printf("*    Input q to quit.                 *\n");
    printf("***************************************\n");
    
    while(flag)
    {
        char c;
        printf("Please input command: ");
        scanf("%c", &c);
        switch(c)
        {
            case 'r':
                printf("Data to send: ");
                sem_p(semid);  /*访问资源*/
                scanf("%s", shm);
                sem_v(semid);  /*释放资源*/
                /*清空标准输入缓冲区*/
                while((c=getchar())!='\n' && c!=EOF);
                msg.mtype = 888;  
                msg.mtext = 'r';  /*发送消息通知服务器读数据*/
                msgsnd(msqid, &msg, sizeof(msg.mtext), 0);
                break;
            case 'q':
                msg.mtype = 888;
                msg.mtext = 'q';
                msgsnd(msqid, &msg, sizeof(msg.mtext), 0);
                flag = 0;
                break;
            default:
                printf("Wrong input!\n");
                /*清空标准输入缓冲区*/
                while((c=getchar())!='\n' && c!=EOF);
        }
    }

    // 断开连接
    shmdt(shm);

    return 0;
}