Python小技巧

1.变量交换

a, b = b, a

2.列表推导

my_list = [1 * 2 for i in range(10)]

3.带索引遍历

for i, item in enumerate(my_list):
	print(i, '-->', item)

4.序列解包

a, *res = [1, 2, 3]
# a = 1, res = [2, 3]
a, *res, c = [1, 2, 3, 4]
# a = 1, res = [2, 3], c = 4

5.字符串拼接

letters = ['a', 'b', 'c']
word = ''.join(letters)

6.真假判断

# "", [], {} 空字符串，空列表，空字典等，都是 False 可以直接 if 或者 if not 判断
if attr:
	print('attr is True')

if not attr:
	print('attr is False')

7.访问字典元素

d = {'key': 'value'}
print(d.get('key', 'default_value')) # 当 get 获取不到时，返回 default_value 

8.列表操作

from functools import reduce

a = [1, 2, 3]
# 列表推导
b = [i for i in a if i > 2]
# filter
c = filter(lambda x: x > 2, a)
# map
d = map(lambda i: i + 3 , a)
# reduce
e = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, a)

9.占位符

file_name = 'a.txt'
base_name, _, ext = file_name.rpartition('.')

10.链式比较

score = 85
if 80 < score < 90:
	print('良好')

False == False == True
# False

11.三目运算

age = 20
b = 'adult' if age > 18 else 'teenager'