- C++子类和父类的构造函数调用顺序
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//子类
class base
{
public:
base()
{
cout<<"i am base constuction!"<<endl;
}
};
//父类
class drived : public base
{
public:
drived()
{
cout<<"i am drived constuction!"<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
drived d;
//输出结果
/*
i am base constuction!
i am drived constuction!
Press any key to continue
*/
return 0;
}
由输出结果我们可以看到,先调用的是base类的构造函数,再调用了drived类的构造函数,也就是说,在声明子类实例的时候,是会先调用父类的构造函数的。这个很好理解,子类是包含了父类的信息的,所以要构造子类,必须先构造父类的信息,然后加入一些子类的新信息。
成员类的构造函数调用顺序
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class son
{
public:
son()
{
cout<<"i am son constuction!"<<endl;
}
};
class family
{
public:
family()
{
cout<<"i am family constuction!"<<endl;
}
son jack;
};
int main()
{
family happyfamily;
//输出结果
/*
i am son constuction!
i am family constuction!
Press any key to continue
*/
return 0;
}
从上面的结果我们科看到,先调用的是构造函数。这是为什么?因为类中含有成员类时,先要给成员类申请空间,先调用成员类的构造函数,然后再调用自身的构造函数。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//父亲姓名
class name
{
public:
name()
{
cout<<"i am name constuction!"<<endl;
}
};
//子类
class base
{
public:
base()
{
cout<<"i am base constuction!"<<endl;
}
};
//父类
class drived : public base
{
public:
drived()
{
cout<<"i am drived constuction!"<<endl;
}
name drivedname;
};
int main()
{
drived d;
//输出结果
/*
i am base constuction!
i am name constuction!
i am drived constuction!
Press any key to continue
*/
return 0;
}
上面的例子是声明了一个name类,一个base类,一个drived类,其中drived类是从base类派生,且drived类中声明了name类的一个实例。
那么根据我们上面的分析,我们声明了drived类之后,先会调用父类构造函数,也就是输出i am base construction,然后调用自身的成员类构造函数,也就是i am name construction,最后调用自身的构造函数,也就是i am drived construction。
同理,如果我们在父类base类中声明了name成员类的话,顺序会是name->base->drived。我下面给出测试例子:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//父亲姓名
class name
{
public:
name()
{
cout<<"i am name constuction!"<<endl;
}
};
//子类
class base
{
public:
base()
{
cout<<"i am base constuction!"<<endl;
}
name drivedname;
};
//父类
class drived : public base
{
public:
drived()
{
cout<<"i am drived constuction!"<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
drived d;
//输出结果
/*
i am name constuction!
i am base constuction!
i am drived constuction!
Press any key to continue
*/
return 0;
}
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