一 subroutines
1)定义 sub NAME {...} . 不需要指定参数和返回值。函数内使用@_来访问函数传入的参数,一般函数内使用local( $var, $var2, $var3) = @_或my( $var, @vars) = @_;来访问函数的传入参数。如果没有使用return的话,默认地最后一条语句的值作为函数的返回值。$_[0]表示第一个参数,$_[$#_]表示最后一个参数,$#_ + 1 表示参数个数,也可以scalar(@_)来获得参数个数。
2)subroutines中定义的变量,必须使用my,local,our来控制变量的生命周期,如下:
实例如下:
3)命名参数,实例:
4)匿名subroutines,例如$ref = sub {...},有点函数指针的意思。
二 实例
#
!/usr/bin/perl -W
use strict;
sub Add
{
my @nums = @_ ;
my $sum = 0 ;
foreach my $num ( @nums )
{
$sum += $num ;
}
return $sum ;
}
sub Multiply
{
my @nums = @_ ;
my $sum = 1 ;
$sum *= $_ for @nums ;
return $sum ;
}
sub ToSentence
{
my @words = @_ ;
return ( join ( " " , @words ));
}
sub Hello
{
print " hello world! " ;
}
sub Main
{
my ( $caltype , @nums ) = @_ ;
if ( $caltype eq " Add " )
{
print (Add( @nums ));
}
elsif ( $caltype eq " Multiply " )
{
print (Multiply( @nums ));
}
elsif ( $caltype eq " ToSentence " )
{
print (ToSentence( @nums ));
}
else
{
Hello();
};
}
Main( @ARGV );
# Multiply 10 20 30
# Add 10 20 30 40 50
# ToSentence hello how are you !
#
use strict;
sub Add
{
my @nums = @_ ;
my $sum = 0 ;
foreach my $num ( @nums )
{
$sum += $num ;
}
return $sum ;
}
sub Multiply
{
my @nums = @_ ;
my $sum = 1 ;
$sum *= $_ for @nums ;
return $sum ;
}
sub ToSentence
{
my @words = @_ ;
return ( join ( " " , @words ));
}
sub Hello
{
print " hello world! " ;
}
sub Main
{
my ( $caltype , @nums ) = @_ ;
if ( $caltype eq " Add " )
{
print (Add( @nums ));
}
elsif ( $caltype eq " Multiply " )
{
print (Multiply( @nums ));
}
elsif ( $caltype eq " ToSentence " )
{
print (ToSentence( @nums ));
}
else
{
Hello();
};
}
Main( @ARGV );
# Multiply 10 20 30
# Add 10 20 30 40 50
# ToSentence hello how are you !
#
完!