[ZZ]功能词与实义词

Words are divided into two categories: Function Words and Content Words. Function words are closed class words (only about 300 in English) while content words are open class words (new words are being added in every language).

Function Words with Examples

Prepositions
of, at, in, without, between

Pronouns
he, they, anybody, it, one

Determiners
the, a, that, my, more, much, either, neither

Conjunctions
and, that, when, while, although, or

Modal verbs
can, must, will, should, ought, need, used

Auxilliary verbs
be (is, am, are), have, got, do

Particles
no, not, nor, as



Content Words with Examples

Nouns
John, room, answer, Selby

Adjectives
happy, new, large, grey

Full verbs
search, grow, hold, have

Adverbs
really, completely, very, also, enough

Numerals
one, thousand, first

Interjections
eh, ugh, phew, well

Yes/No answers
yes, no (as answers)



Note: The same lexical word can function as either content or function word depending on it's function in an utterance.

Example 1

"I have come to see you"
"have" is a function word (auxiliary verb)

"I have three apples"
"have" is a content word (full verb)


Example 2

"One has one's principles"
"one" is a function word (pronoun)

"I have one apple"
"one" is a content word (numeral)



Example 3

"I have no more money"
"no" is a function word (a negative particle)

"No. I am not coming"
"no" is a content word (Yes/No answer)


turingfellow says
上面的3个特例用stanford pos tagger加标注，发现无法正确判断词性，汗啊。