向 MFC 项目添加 D2D 对象

此演练介绍如何将基本 Direct2D (D2D) 对象添加到 Visual C++ Microsoft 基础类库 (MFC) 项目中,然后将该项目构建到在渐变背景上输出“Hello, world”的应用程序中。

<sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">此演练演示如何完成以下这些任务:</sentencetext>

  • <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">创建 MFC 应用程序。</sentencetext>

  • <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">创建一个纯色画笔和一个线性渐变画笔。</sentencetext>

  • <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">修改渐变画笔,以便在调整窗口大小时它会相应更改。</sentencetext>

  • <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">实现 D2D 绘图处理程序。</sentencetext>

  • <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">验证结果。</sentencetext>

说明说明

对于在以下说明中使用的某些 Visual Studio 用户界面元素,您的计算机可能会显示不同的名称或位置。这些元素取决于您所使用的 Visual Studio 版本和您所使用的设置。有关更多信息,请参见 Visual Studio 设置

<sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">若要完成本演练,您必须拥有 Visual Studio。</sentencetext>

创建 MFC 应用程序

  1. <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“文件”</span>菜单上指向<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“新建”</span>,然后单击<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“项目”</span>。</sentencetext>

  2. <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“新建项目”</span>对话框左窗格的<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“已安装的模板”</span>下,展开<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“Visual C++”</span>,然后选择<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“MFC”</span>。</sentencetext> <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在中间窗格中,选择<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“MFC 应用程序”</span>。</sentencetext> <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“名称”</span>框中键入 <span class="input" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">MFCD2DWalkthrough</span>。</sentencetext> <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">单击<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“确定”</span>。</sentencetext>

  3. <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“MFC 应用程序向导”</span>中,单击<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“完成”</span>而不更改任何设置。</sentencetext>

创建一个纯色画笔和一个线性渐变画笔

  1. <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“解决方案资源管理器”</span>中的<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“MFCD2DWalkthrough”</span>项目的<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“头文件”</span>文件夹中,打开 MFCD2DWalkthroughView.h。</sentencetext> <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">将以下代码添加到 <strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">CMFCD2DWalkthroughView</strong> 类以创建三个数据变量。</sentencetext>

    CD2DTextFormat* m_pTextFormat;
    CD2DSolidColorBrush* m_pBlackBrush;
    CD2DLinearGradientBrush* m_pLinearGradientBrush;
    

    <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">保存文件并将其关闭。</sentencetext>

  2. <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“源文件”</span>文件夹中,打开 MFCD2DWalkthroughView.cpp。</sentencetext> <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在 <strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">CMFCD2DWalkthroughView</strong> 类的构造函数中,添加以下代码。</sentencetext>

    // Enable D2D support for this window:
    EnableD2DSupport();
    
    // Initialize D2D resources:
    m_pBlackBrush = new CD2DSolidColorBrush(GetRenderTarget(), D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Black));
    
    m_pTextFormat = new CD2DTextFormat(GetRenderTarget(), _T("Verdana"), 50);
    m_pTextFormat->Get()->SetTextAlignment(DWRITE_TEXT_ALIGNMENT_CENTER);
    m_pTextFormat->Get()->SetParagraphAlignment(DWRITE_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT_CENTER);
    
    D2D1_GRADIENT_STOP gradientStops[2];
    
    gradientStops[0].color = D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::White);
    gradientStops[0].position = 0.f;
    gradientStops[1].color = D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Indigo);
    gradientStops[1].position = 1.f;
    
    m_pLinearGradientBrush = new CD2DLinearGradientBrush(GetRenderTarget(), 
        gradientStops, ARRAYSIZE(gradientStops),
        D2D1::LinearGradientBrushProperties(D2D1::Point2F(0, 0), D2D1::Point2F(0, 0)));
    

    <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">保存文件并将其关闭。</sentencetext>

修改渐变画笔,以便在调整窗口大小时它会相应更改

  1. <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“项目”</span>菜单上单击<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“类向导”</span>。</sentencetext>

  2. <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“MFC 类向导”</span>中的<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“类名”</span>下,选择 <strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">CMFCD2DWalkthroughView</strong>。</sentencetext>

  3. <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“消息”</span>选项卡上的<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“消息”</span>框中,选择 <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span class="input">WM_SIZE</span></span>,然后单击<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“添加处理程序”</span>。</sentencetext> <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">此操作将 <strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">OnSize</strong> 消息处理程序添加到 <strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">CMFCD2DWalkthroughView</strong> 类。</sentencetext>

  4. <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“现有处理程序”</span>框中,选择 <strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">OnSize</strong>。</sentencetext> <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">单击<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“编辑代码”</span>以显示 <strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">CMFCD2DWalkthroughView::OnSize</strong> 方法。</sentencetext> <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在此方法的末尾,添加以下代码。</sentencetext>

    m_pLinearGradientBrush->SetEndPoint(CPoint(cx, cy));
    

    <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">保存文件并将其关闭。</sentencetext>

实现 D2D 绘图处理程序

  1. <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“项目”</span>菜单上单击<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“类向导”</span>。</sentencetext>

  2. <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“MFC 类向导”</span>中的<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“类名”</span>下,选择 <strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">CMFCD2DWalkthroughView</strong>。</sentencetext>

  3. <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“消息”</span>选项卡上,单击<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“添加自定义消息”</span>。</sentencetext>

  4. <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“添加自定义消息”</span>对话框的<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“自定义 Windows 消息”</span>框中,键入 <span class="input" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">AFX_WM_DRAW2D</span>。</sentencetext> <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“消息处理程序名称”</span>框中,键入 <span class="input" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">OnDraw2D</span>。</sentencetext> <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">选择<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“已注册的消息”</span>选项,然后单击<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“确定”</span>。</sentencetext> <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">此操作将 <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span class="input">AFX_WM_DRAW2D</span></span> 消息的消息处理程序添加到 <strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">CMFCD2DWalkthroughView</strong> 类。</sentencetext>

  5. <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">在<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“现有处理程序”</span>框中,选择 <strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">OnDraw2D</strong>。</sentencetext> <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">单击<span class="label" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“编辑代码”</span>以显示 <strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">CMFCD2DWalkthroughView::OnDraw2D</strong> 方法。</sentencetext> <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">对 <strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">CMFCD2DWalkthroughView::OnDrawD2D</strong> 方法使用以下代码。</sentencetext>

    afx_msg LRESULT CMFCD2DWalkthroughView::OnDraw2D(WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    {
        CHwndRenderTarget* pRenderTarget = (CHwndRenderTarget*)lParam;
        ASSERT_VALID(pRenderTarget);
    
        CRect rect;
        GetClientRect(rect);
    
        pRenderTarget->FillRectangle(rect, m_pLinearGradientBrush);
        pRenderTarget->DrawText(_T("Hello, World!"), rect, m_pBlackBrush, m_pTextFormat);
    
        return TRUE;
    }
    

    <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">保存文件并将其关闭。</sentencetext>

验证结果

  • <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">生成并运行应用程序。</sentencetext> <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">它应有一个在您调整窗口大小时更改的渐变矩形。</sentencetext> <sentencetext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">“Hello World!”应显示在矩形中央。</sentencetext>

http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/gg482848.aspx

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