在CentOS上安装第三方软件库EPEL

Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL)【企业版 Linux 附加软件包(以下简称 EPEL)】是一个由特别兴趣小组创建、维护并管理的，针对 红帽企业版 Linux(RHEL)及其衍生发行版(比如 CentOS、 Scientific Linux)的一个高质量附加软件包项目。
EPEL 的软件包通常不会与企业版Linux官方源中的软件包发生冲突，或者互相替换文件。EPEL与Fedora项目基本一致，包含完整的构建系统、升级管理器、镜像管理器等等。
EPEL 包含一个叫做epel-release的包，这个包包含了EPEL源的gpg密钥和软件源信息。您可以通过yum安装到您的企业版Linux发行版上。除了epel-release源，还有一个叫做epel-testing的源，这个源包含最新的测试软件包，其版本很新但是安装有风险，请自行斟酌。
注意: 有些第三方软件源需要 EPEL 的'epel-testing'源来安装依赖组件，请务必在系统设置中启用本源。 这里 有相关的开启教程。(相关配置文件位于：/etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo)。

[b][size=x-large]1.首先检查系统是否安装epel-release[/size][/b]
[code="java"]

# rpm -q epel-release
package epel-release is not installed
[/code]

[b][size=x-large]2.安装EPEL [/size][/b]
[code="java"]
# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:epel-release ########################################### [100%]
[/code]

[b][color=red]注意：[/color][/b]
1、[b][color=darkblue]要安装最新版本的EPEL，请前往 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/ 中查找最新版本的URL地址，这里采用的是6.8版本[/color][/b]
32位：http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
64位：http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

2、若出现下面类似错误，则表示对应的URL已经不存在，需要重新找EPEL的版本，请前往 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/ 获取需要的版本
[code="java"]
# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
curl: (22) The requested URL returned error: 404 Not Found
error: skipping http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm - transfer failed
[/code]

[b][size=medium]#2.1 安装成功[/size][/b]
[code="java"]
# rpm -q epel-release
epel-release-6-8.noarch
[/code]

[b][size=medium]#2.2 查看其所依附的软件文件[/size][/b]
[code="java"]
# rpm -qR epel-release
/bin/sh
/bin/sh
config(epel-release) = 6-8
redhat-release >= 6
rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1
rpmlib(FileDigests) <= 4.6.0-1
rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1
rpmlib(PayloadIsXz) <= 5.2-1
[/code]

[b][size=medium]#2.3 卸载[/size][/b]
[code="java"]
# rpm -e epel-release
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo.rpmsave
[/code]

[b][size=medium]#2.4 设置源级别[/size][/b]
[code="java"]
# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
设置 /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo 中源的级别为 priority=11
[/code]

[b][size=medium]#2.5 搜索软件包[/size][/b]
若要查看 EPEL Repo 中是否存在某个软件包：yum search package-name，若搜索git
[code="java"]
# yum search git
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.hust.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
============================== N/S Matched: git ===============================
nodejs-github-url-from-git.noarch : Parse a GitHub git URL and return the GitHub repository URL
php-phpunit-git.noarch : Simple wrapper for Git
trac-git-plugin.noarch : GIT version control plugin for Trac
GitPython.noarch : Python Git Library
cgit.x86_64 : A fast web interface for git
git-annex.x86_64 : Manage files with git, without checking their contents into git
git-ftp.noarch : Git powered FTP client written as shell script
git-gui.noarch : Git GUI tool
git-review.noarch : A git helper for integration with Gerrit
git2cl.noarch : Converts git logs to GNU style ChangeLog format
gitolite.noarch : Highly flexible server for git directory version tracker
gitosis.noarch : Git repository hosting application
gitstats.noarch : Generates statistics based on GIT repository activity
// ……（略）
tkgate-fr.x86_64 : Locales and examples for tkgate, Digital Circuit Simulator
tkgate-it.x86_64 : Locales and examples for tkgate, Digital Circuit Simulator
tkgate-ja.x86_64 : Locales and examples for tkgate, Digital Circuit Simulator
tuxpaint.x86_64 : Drawing program designed for young children
xmlsec1-devel.i686 : Libraries, includes, etc. to develop applications with XML Digital
: Signatures and XML Encryption support.
xmlsec1-devel.x86_64 : Libraries, includes, etc. to develop applications with XML Digital
: Signatures and XML Encryption support.

Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
[/code]


[b][size=x-large]3. 安装第三方软件[/size][/b]
使用yum install package-name命令安装第三方软件，如使用yum install git安装git
[code="java"]
# yum install git
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
epel/metalink | 5.5 kB 00:00
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
epel | 4.4 kB 00:00
epel/primary_db | 6.0 MB 01:19
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-3.el6_4.1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl-Git = 1.7.1-3.el6_4.1 for package: git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Git) for package: git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Error) for package: git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Error.noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6 will be installed
---> Package perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-3.el6_4.1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==================================================================================
Installing:
git x86_64 1.7.1-3.el6_4.1 base 4.6 M
Installing for dependencies:
perl-Error noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6 base 29 k
perl-Git noarch 1.7.1-3.el6_4.1 base 28 k

Transaction Summary
==================================================================================
Install 3 Package(s)

Total download size: 4.7 M
Installed size: 15 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm | 4.6 MB 00:33
(2/3): perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch.rpm | 29 kB 00:00
(3/3): perl-Git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.noarch.rpm | 28 kB 00:00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 140 kB/s | 4.7 MB 00:34
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
Importing GPG key 0xC105B9DE:
Userid : CentOS-6 Key (CentOS 6 Official Signing Key) <centos-6-key@centos.org>
Package: centos-release-6-4.el6.centos.10.x86_64 (@anaconda-CentOS-201303020151.x86_64/6.4)
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
Is this ok [y/N]: y （注：这里为输入的内容，导入GPG key）
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
Installing : 1:perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch 1/3
Installing : perl-Git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.noarch 2/3
Installing : git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64 3/3
Verifying : git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : perl-Git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.noarch 2/3
Verifying : 1:perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch 3/3

Installed:
git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-3.el6_4.1

Dependency Installed:
perl-Error.noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6 perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-3.el6_4.1

Complete!
[/code]

[b][size=x-large]4. 参考资料[/size][/b]
[1]EPEL
https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL
[2]CentOS 6.2安装第三方软件库epel
http://blog.csdn.net/jackalfly/article/details/7572886