在Flex/ActionScript3中实现单例
2010年03月01日
1. 概述 Singleton Pattern的关键在于,只允许有一个对象存在.有时候我们需要有且只有一个对象存在,如播放器播放的歌曲, 购物车中的总额等.这些类对象只能有一个实例,如果制造出多个实例,就会导致很多问题.单例模式也给了我们一个全局的访问点,相对于全局变量来说, 单例模式采用的时lazy instantiaze,即在需要这个实例时才会创建.如果不需要这个实例,则永远不会产生.
注意:
1.1 Singleton Pattern中有一个 private static 实例,它引用类的唯一的实例
1.2 通过一个public static method 来提供该实例的全局访问点. [如果为空则新创建一个]
1.3 构造函数定义为Private或使用其他方法来阻止在外部使用new来创建实例
2. 分析2.1 定义一个 Private static实例:private static var _instance:AppContext;
2.2 定一个Public static function 提供全局访问点:
public static function getInstance():AppContext {
if(!_instance) {
_instance = new AppContext(new PrivateClass);
}
return _instance;
}
2.3 相对与Java,Flex的构造函数必须为Public[因为ActionScript 3.0继承了当时的ECMAScript],而不能使用private,因此有可能通过new 来创建多个实例.
我们需要在构造函数为Public的时候防止在类外使用new创建类的实例.
OReilly.ActionScript.3.0.Design.Patterns中建议的方法:
[b]在这种情况下,我们将构造函数参数中加入一个该类所在.as文件中的非主类[ActionScript 3.0 中一个as文件可以包含多个类,与文件名相同的类为主类,其他叫非主类,非主类只能在包内使用.]
class PrivateClass {
public function PrivateClass() {
trace("Private Class set up");
}
}
构造函数写为:
public function AppContext(pvt:PrivateClass) {
if(pvt == null) {
throw new Error("不用允许使用new来创建AppContex,请示使用getInstance");
}
}
[/b]但更为简洁的一个方法为:
public function AppContext() {
if(_instance != null) {
throw new Error("Singleton!");
}
}
3. 代码view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
package com.insprise.notemanagement { public class AppContext { private static var _instance:AppContext; private var _currentUser:int; public function AppContext() { if(_instance != null) { throw new Error("Singleton!"); } } public static function getInstance():AppContext { if(_instance == null) { _instance = new AppContext(); } return _instance; } public function get currentUser():int { return _currentUser; } public function set currentUser(currentUser_:int):void { _currentUser = currentUser_; } }//end of Class }//end fo package package com.insprise.notemanagement{public class AppContext{private static var _instance:AppContext;private var _currentUser:int; public function AppContext() {if(_instance != null) {throw new Error("Singleton!");}}public static function getInstance():AppContext {if(_instance == null) {_instance = new AppContext();}return _instance;}public function get currentUser():int {return _currentUser;}public function set currentUser(currentUser_:int):void {_currentUser = currentUser_;}}//end of Class}//end fo package
4. 测试两次通过getInstance创建实例,判断是否为同一个.使用该实例的 set currentUser方法,set currentUser,进一步确定两个实例是相同的.
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
import com.insprise.notemanagement.AppContext; public function singletonTest():void { var firstSingleton:AppContext = AppContext.getInstance(); var secondeSingleton:AppContext = AppContext.getInstance(); trace(firstSingleton == secondeSingleton); firstSingleton.currentUser = 10; trace("Get firstSingleton.CurrentUser: " + firstSingleton.currentUser); trace("Get secondSingleton.CurrentUser: " + secondeSingleton.currentUser); secondeSingleton.currentUser = 20; trace("Get firstSingleton.CurrentUser: " + firstSingleton.currentUser); trace("Get secondSingleton.CurrentUser: " + secondeSingleton.currentUser); } import com.insprise.notemanagement.AppContext;public function singletonTest():void {var firstSingleton:AppContext = AppContext.getInstance();var secondeSingleton:AppContext = AppContext.getInstance();trace(firstSingleton == secondeSingleton);firstSingleton.currentUser = 10;trace("Get firstSingleton.CurrentUser: " + firstSingleton.currentUser);trace("Get secondSingleton.CurrentUser: " + secondeSingleton.currentUser);secondeSingleton.currentUser = 20;trace("Get firstSingleton.CurrentUser: " + firstSingleton.currentUser);trace("Get secondSingleton.CurrentUser: " + secondeSingleton.currentUser);}
测试结果:
Private Class set up
true
Get firstSingleton.CurrentUser: 10
Get secondSingleton.CurrentUser: 10
Get firstSingleton.CurrentUser: 20
Get secondSingleton.CurrentUser: 20
上面的例子第一次外界可以通过构造函数得到一个实例
严谨一点的做法为
public class Simple
{
private static var instance:Simple = null;
private static var canNew:Boolean = false;//<设置外界新建实例对象时不可以new出
public function Simple()
{
if(canNew && instance == null)
canNew = false;
else
throw new IllegalOperationError("Can't new SingletonFactory(),Please call getInstance()!");
}
public static function getInstance():Simple
{
if(instance == null)
{
canNew = true;
instance = new Simple;
}
return instance;
}
}
2010年03月01日
1. 概述 Singleton Pattern的关键在于,只允许有一个对象存在.有时候我们需要有且只有一个对象存在,如播放器播放的歌曲, 购物车中的总额等.这些类对象只能有一个实例,如果制造出多个实例,就会导致很多问题.单例模式也给了我们一个全局的访问点,相对于全局变量来说, 单例模式采用的时lazy instantiaze,即在需要这个实例时才会创建.如果不需要这个实例,则永远不会产生.
注意:
1.1 Singleton Pattern中有一个 private static 实例,它引用类的唯一的实例
1.2 通过一个public static method 来提供该实例的全局访问点. [如果为空则新创建一个]
1.3 构造函数定义为Private或使用其他方法来阻止在外部使用new来创建实例
2. 分析2.1 定义一个 Private static实例:private static var _instance:AppContext;
2.2 定一个Public static function 提供全局访问点:
public static function getInstance():AppContext {
if(!_instance) {
_instance = new AppContext(new PrivateClass);
}
return _instance;
}
2.3 相对与Java,Flex的构造函数必须为Public[因为ActionScript 3.0继承了当时的ECMAScript],而不能使用private,因此有可能通过new 来创建多个实例.
我们需要在构造函数为Public的时候防止在类外使用new创建类的实例.
OReilly.ActionScript.3.0.Design.Patterns中建议的方法:
[b]在这种情况下,我们将构造函数参数中加入一个该类所在.as文件中的非主类[ActionScript 3.0 中一个as文件可以包含多个类,与文件名相同的类为主类,其他叫非主类,非主类只能在包内使用.]
class PrivateClass {
public function PrivateClass() {
trace("Private Class set up");
}
}
构造函数写为:
public function AppContext(pvt:PrivateClass) {
if(pvt == null) {
throw new Error("不用允许使用new来创建AppContex,请示使用getInstance");
}
}
[/b]但更为简洁的一个方法为:
public function AppContext() {
if(_instance != null) {
throw new Error("Singleton!");
}
}
3. 代码view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
package com.insprise.notemanagement { public class AppContext { private static var _instance:AppContext; private var _currentUser:int; public function AppContext() { if(_instance != null) { throw new Error("Singleton!"); } } public static function getInstance():AppContext { if(_instance == null) { _instance = new AppContext(); } return _instance; } public function get currentUser():int { return _currentUser; } public function set currentUser(currentUser_:int):void { _currentUser = currentUser_; } }//end of Class }//end fo package package com.insprise.notemanagement{public class AppContext{private static var _instance:AppContext;private var _currentUser:int; public function AppContext() {if(_instance != null) {throw new Error("Singleton!");}}public static function getInstance():AppContext {if(_instance == null) {_instance = new AppContext();}return _instance;}public function get currentUser():int {return _currentUser;}public function set currentUser(currentUser_:int):void {_currentUser = currentUser_;}}//end of Class}//end fo package
4. 测试两次通过getInstance创建实例,判断是否为同一个.使用该实例的 set currentUser方法,set currentUser,进一步确定两个实例是相同的.
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
import com.insprise.notemanagement.AppContext; public function singletonTest():void { var firstSingleton:AppContext = AppContext.getInstance(); var secondeSingleton:AppContext = AppContext.getInstance(); trace(firstSingleton == secondeSingleton); firstSingleton.currentUser = 10; trace("Get firstSingleton.CurrentUser: " + firstSingleton.currentUser); trace("Get secondSingleton.CurrentUser: " + secondeSingleton.currentUser); secondeSingleton.currentUser = 20; trace("Get firstSingleton.CurrentUser: " + firstSingleton.currentUser); trace("Get secondSingleton.CurrentUser: " + secondeSingleton.currentUser); } import com.insprise.notemanagement.AppContext;public function singletonTest():void {var firstSingleton:AppContext = AppContext.getInstance();var secondeSingleton:AppContext = AppContext.getInstance();trace(firstSingleton == secondeSingleton);firstSingleton.currentUser = 10;trace("Get firstSingleton.CurrentUser: " + firstSingleton.currentUser);trace("Get secondSingleton.CurrentUser: " + secondeSingleton.currentUser);secondeSingleton.currentUser = 20;trace("Get firstSingleton.CurrentUser: " + firstSingleton.currentUser);trace("Get secondSingleton.CurrentUser: " + secondeSingleton.currentUser);}
测试结果:
Private Class set up
true
Get firstSingleton.CurrentUser: 10
Get secondSingleton.CurrentUser: 10
Get firstSingleton.CurrentUser: 20
Get secondSingleton.CurrentUser: 20
上面的例子第一次外界可以通过构造函数得到一个实例
严谨一点的做法为
public class Simple
{
private static var instance:Simple = null;
private static var canNew:Boolean = false;//<设置外界新建实例对象时不可以new出
public function Simple()
{
if(canNew && instance == null)
canNew = false;
else
throw new IllegalOperationError("Can't new SingletonFactory(),Please call getInstance()!");
}
public static function getInstance():Simple
{
if(instance == null)
{
canNew = true;
instance = new Simple;
}
return instance;
}
}