direct类型的交换器(exchange),交换器将会对binding key和routing key进行精确匹配,从而确定消息该分发到哪个队列。
topic类型的交换器,通过设置routing key,交换器匹配其表达式,从而确认消息分发的队列。
topic类型交换器不能声明任意的routing key,它的组成是一系列的words,不同word之间使用分隔符分开。word可以是任意单词,通常是有意义的描述。如:"stock.usd.nyse", "nyse.vmw","quick.orange.rabbit",最长是255字节。
routing key可以有通配符组成:
*:匹配一个word
#:配置0个或多个word
如上图:
Q1将绑定“*.orange.*”
Q2将绑定“*.*.rabbit”与"lzay.*"
一条消息的routing key 满足 "quick.orge.rabbit"将匹配Q1与Q2
“lazy.orange.elephant”也同时满足Q1、Q2
同理,按照规范配置就OK。
生产者代码
public class EmitLogTopic {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) {
Connection connection = null;
Channel channel = null;
try {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
connection = factory.newConnection();
channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
String routingKey = getRouting(argv);
String message = getMessage(argv);
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + routingKey + "':'" + message + "'");
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally {
if (connection != null) {
try {
connection.close();
}
catch (Exception ignore) {}
}
}
}
private static String getRouting(String[] strings){
if (strings.length < 1)
return "anonymous.info";
return strings[0];
}
private static String getMessage(String[] strings){
if (strings.length < 2)
return "Hello World!";
return joinStrings(strings, " ", 1);
}
private static String joinStrings(String[] strings, String delimiter, int startIndex) {
int length = strings.length;
if (length == 0 ) return "";
if (length < startIndex ) return "";
StringBuilder words = new StringBuilder(strings[startIndex]);
for (int i = startIndex + 1; i < length; i++) {
words.append(delimiter).append(strings[i]);
}
return words.toString();
}
}
消费者代码
public class ReceiveLogsTopic {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) {
Connection connection = null;
Channel channel = null;
try {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
connection = factory.newConnection();
channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
if (argv.length < 1){
System.err.println("Usage: ReceiveLogsTopic [binding_key]...");
System.exit(1);
}
for(String bindingKey : argv){
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, bindingKey);
}
System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
while (true) {
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
String routingKey = delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey();
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + routingKey + "':'" + message + "'");
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally {
if (connection != null) {
try {
connection.close();
}
catch (Exception ignore) {}
}
}
}
}