The Top Consultant:顶级咨询技巧(英文版)

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Table of Contents
The Top Consultant—Developing Your Skills for Greater Effectiveness, 4th Edition
Preface
Chapter 1 - The Nature of Consultancy
Chapter 2 - Managing a Consultancy Business
Chapter 3 - Product Definition and Marketing in Consultancy
Chapter 4 - The Consultancy Sales Process
Chapter 5 - Conducting Specific Sales Transactions
Chapter 6 - Consultancy Problem Solving
Chapter 7 - Commercial Aspects of Consultancy
Chapter 8 - Operating a Consultancy Project
Chapter 9 - Managing Client Relationships


Back CoverHighly acclaimed, The Top Consultant is a comprehensive guide for all consultants looking to provide a first class service to their clients, and who wish to become expert practitioners. In this revised third edition of what has become a standard text, Calvert Markham shows how consultants can develop their performance in a wide range of areas, including:

Product development and marketing in consultancy.
Selling and managing consultancy projects.
Consultancy problem solving.
Running a consultancy business.
Managing client relationships.
Packed with practical tips and techniques for developing professional skills, The Top Consultant is the essential guide for all consultants wishing to upgrade their skills and become leading edge practitioners in their field.

About the Author

After early experience with ICI, Calvert Markham entered the world of consultancy with PA Management Consultants in 1974, where he specialized as a human resources consultant. In 1984, he moved to Spicer and Pegler Associates and developed their human resources consultancy practice. He left to set up his own practice in 1987, and in 1989 formed Consultancy Skills Training to pursue his interest in consultant education. For many years he was involved in the Professional Development Committee of the Institute of Management Consultancy, and was a member of Council. He is also a Past Chairman of the Richmond Group, a society of independent consultants. Calvert Markham is a past Master of the Guild of Management Consultants, of which he was one of the founding members in 1992. Calvert Markham is the author of Practical Management Consultancy and The Top Consultant, and one of the contributing authors of Effective Remuneration. He has also been technical adviser to Melrose Films on two of their productions connected with consultancy.

Calvert Markham has a degree from Cambridge University and a Diploma in Management Studies. In addition to his Fellowship of the Institute of Management Consultants, he is a Member of the Institute of Personnel Development and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.



Preface
'Management Consultant' was an unusual occupation when I started my career but nowadays consultancy is a commonplace activity. Many will see a spell as a consultant as an essential ingredient of a well-rounded CV, while others, like me, make a career of it.

There are two main drivers to the growth in consultancy:

the propensity of organizations increasingly to outsource more core activities, to which consultancy firms have responded with an expanding range of services;

organizations whose main business is not consultancy, which have sought revenue and/or competitive advantage by selling their know-how - that is, offering consultancy - perhaps evolving from an internal consultancy activity.

Consultancy involves skills in delivering services to clients and in running a consultancy business and this book addresses both these topics. Career progression in consultancy leads to commercial and business management responsibilities and these are therefore likely to be undertaken by more experienced consultants in larger practices, while sole practitioners need to consider them from the outset.

Latterly, internal support functions (such as HR and IT) have also been encouraged to take on consultancy roles. Line managers, too, increasingly need to introduce discontinuous change, demanding a measure of consultancy skills.

Whatever your role, I hope that you will find ideas and techniques in this book that will enable you to develop your performance and become a 'Top Consultant'.
深度学习是机器学习的一个子领域,它基于人工神经网络的研究,特别是利用多层次的神经网络来进行学习和模式识别。深度学习模型能够学习数据的高层次特征,这些特征对于图像和语音识别、自然语言处理、医学图像分析等应用至关重要。以下是深度学习的一些关键概念和组成部分: 1. **神经网络(Neural Networks)**:深度学习的基础是人工神经网络,它是由多个层组成的网络结构,包括输入层、隐藏层和输出层。每个层由多个神经元组成,神经元之间通过权重连接。 2. **前馈神经网络(Feedforward Neural Networks)**:这是最常见的神经网络类型,信息从输入层流向隐藏层,最终到达输出层。 3. **卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Networks, CNNs)**:这种网络特别适合处理具有网格结构的数据,如图像。它们使用卷积层来提取图像的特征。 4. **循环神经网络(Recurrent Neural Networks, RNNs)**:这种网络能够处理序列数据,如时间序列或自然语言,因为它们具有记忆功能,能够捕捉数据中的时间依赖性。 5. **长短期记忆网络(Long Short-Term Memory, LSTM)**:LSTM 是一种特殊的 RNN,它能够学习长期依赖关系,非常适合复杂的序列预测任务。 6. **生成对抗网络(Generative Adversarial Networks, GANs)**:由两个网络组成,一个生成器和一个判别器,它们相互竞争,生成器生成数据,判别器评估数据的真实性。 7. **深度学习框架**:如 TensorFlow、Keras、PyTorch 等,这些框架提供了构建、训练和部署深度学习模型的工具和库。 8. **激活函数(Activation Functions)**:如 ReLU、Sigmoid、Tanh 等,它们在神经网络中用于添加非线性,使得网络能够学习复杂的函数。 9. **损失函数(Loss Functions)**:用于评估模型的预测与真实值之间的差异,常见的损失函数包括均方误差(MSE)、交叉熵(Cross-Entropy)等。 10. **优化算法(Optimization Algorithms)**:如梯度下降(Gradient Descent)、随机梯度下降(SGD)、Adam 等,用于更新网络权重,以最小化损失函数。 11. **正则化(Regularization)**:技术如 Dropout、L1/L2 正则化等,用于防止模型过拟合。 12. **迁移学习(Transfer Learning)**:利用在一个任务上训练好的模型来提高另一个相关任务的性能。 深度学习在许多领域都取得了显著的成就,但它也面临着一些挑战,如对大量数据的依赖、模型的解释性差、计算资源消耗大等。研究人员正在不断探索新的方法来解决这些问题。
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