java多态的学习笔记

1.有关多态覆盖私有方法

public class PrivateOverride {
	private void f(){System.out.println("private f()");}
	public static void main(String[] args){
		PrivateOverride po = new Derived();
		po.f();
	}

}

class Derived extends PrivateOverride{
	public void f(){
		System.out.println("public f()");
	}
}

 Output:

private f();

 

 

结论：在多态机制中，只有非private方法才可以被覆盖。在导出类中，对于基类的private方法，最好采用不同的名字。

 

2.有关多态机制中的域和静态方法

class Super{
	public int field = 0;
	public int getField() {
		return field;
	}
}

class Sub extends Super{
	public int field =1;
	public int getField(){
		return field;
	}
	public int getSuperField(){
		return super.field;
	}
}

public class FeildAccess {
	public static void main(String[] args){
		Super sup = new Sub();
		System.out.println("sup.field = " + sup.field + 
				", sup.getField() = " + sup.getField());
		Sub sub = new Sub();
		System.out.println("sub.field = " + sub.field + 
				", sub.getField() = " + sub.getField() + 
				", sub.getSuperField() = " + sub.getSuperField());
	}
}

 

Output：

sup.field = 0, sup.getField() = 1
sub.field = 1, sub.getField() = 1, sub.getSuperField() = 0

 当Sub对象转型为Super引用时，任何域访问操作都将由编译器解析，因此不是多态。这里为Super.field和Sub.field分配了不同的存储空间。这样Sub实际上包含两个称为field的域，然而在引用Sub中的field时所产生的默认域并非Super版本的field域。

 

3.构造器和多态-构造器调用顺序

class Meal{
	Meal(){
		System.out.println("Meal()");
	}
}
class Bread{
	Bread(){
		System.out.println("Bread()");
	}
}

class Lunch extends Meal{
	private Bread b = new Bread();
	Lunch(){
		System.out.println("Lunch()");
	}
}
public class Sandwich extends Lunch {
	private Bread b = new Bread();
	public Sandwich(){
		System.out.println("Sandwich()");
	}
	public static void main(String[] args){
		new Sandwich();
	}

}

 

Output：

Meal()
Bread()
Lunch()
Bread()
Sandwich()

 构造器调用顺序：

1）调用基类的构造器。

2）按声明顺序调用成员的初始化方法。

3）调用导出类构造器主体。