Android主要提供了两种创建动画的机制:补间动画(tweened animation)和逐帧动画(frame-by-frame animation)。
补间动画主要完成一些简单的转场,例如位置、大小变化;
逐帧动画主要是依次加载一系列的可绘制资源。
一、补间动画
1. Tweened Animation可以运用在view,surface或者其它对象上,主要分四类:
Alpha | 透明度渐变动画 |
Scale | 尺寸渐变动画 |
Translate | 位置移动动画 |
Rotate | 画面旋转动画 |
动画属性介绍:
Alpha | |
fromAlpha | 动画起始时透明度,0.0表示完全透明 |
toAlpha | 动画结束时透明度,1.0表示完全不透明 |
Scale | |
fromXScale | 动画起始时X坐标上的伸缩尺寸 |
toXScale | 动画结束时X坐标上的伸缩尺寸 |
fromYScale | 动画起始时Y坐标上的伸缩尺寸 |
toYScale | 动画结束时Y坐标上的伸缩尺寸 |
pivotX | 动画相对于物件的X坐标的开始位置 |
pivotY | 动画相对于物件的Y坐标的开始位置 |
Translate | |
fromXDelta | 动画起始时X坐标上的位置 |
toXDelta | 动画结束时X坐标上的位置 |
fromYDelta | 动画起始时Y坐标上的位置 |
toYDelta | 动画结束时Y坐标上的位置 |
Rotate | |
fromDegrees | 动画起始时物件的角度 |
toDegrees | 动画结束时物件旋转的角度,可以大于360度 |
pivotX | 动画相对于物件的X坐标的开始位置 |
pivotY | 动画相对于物件的Y坐标的开始位置 |
2. 使用Animation的方式有两种,一种是在XML中定义动画,另一种是在Java代码中定义动画。
在XML中定义动画
示例一:将动画应用在View上
(1) 创建animation,新建res\anim\alpha.xml。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <alpha xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:interpolator="@android:anim/accelerate_interpolator" android:fromAlpha="1" android:toAlpha="0" android:duration="@android:integer/config_longAnimTime"/>
(2) 创建layout,新建res\layout\main.xml。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:id="@+id/text01" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button01" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/alpha" /> </LinearLayout>
(3) 创建Activity,AnimationActivity.java。通过AnimationUtils.loadAnimation加载动画,然后aView.startAnimation来运行动画。
package com.xeedroid;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.animation.AnimationUtils;
public class AnimationActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
findViewById(R.id.button01).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
findViewById(R.id.text01).startAnimation(
AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(AnimationActivity.this,
R.anim.alpha));
}
});
}
}
(4) 运行应用,点击Alpha按钮,文本信息会出现渐变效果。
示例二:将动画应用在Activity上
Android官方示例,com.example.android.apis.app.Animation。在此只列出关键部分。
(1) animation xml文件。
res/anim/fade.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <alpha xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:interpolator="@android:anim/accelerate_interpolator" android:fromAlpha="0.0" android:toAlpha="1.0" android:duration="@android:integer/config_longAnimTime" />
res/anim/hold.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <translate xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:interpolator="@android:anim/accelerate_interpolator" android:fromXDelta="0" android:toXDelta="0" android:duration="@android:integer/config_longAnimTime" />
res/anim/zoom_enter.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!-- Special window zoom animation: this is the element that enters the screen, it starts at 200% and scales down. Goes with zoom_exit.xml. --> <set xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:interpolator="@android:anim/decelerate_interpolator"> <scale android:fromXScale="2.0" android:toXScale="1.0" android:fromYScale="2.0" android:toYScale="1.0" android:pivotX="50%p" android:pivotY="50%p" android:duration="@android:integer/config_mediumAnimTime" /> </set>
res/anim/zoom_exit.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!-- Special window zoom animation: this is the element that exits the screen, it is forced above the entering element and starts at its normal size (filling the screen) and scales down while fading out. This goes with zoom_enter.xml. --> <set xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:interpolator="@android:anim/decelerate_interpolator" android:zAdjustment="top"> <scale android:fromXScale="1.0" android:toXScale=".5" android:fromYScale="1.0" android:toYScale=".5" android:pivotX="50%p" android:pivotY="50%p" android:duration="@android:integer/config_mediumAnimTime" /> <alpha android:fromAlpha="1.0" android:toAlpha="0" android:duration="@android:integer/config_mediumAnimTime"/> </set>
(2) 主要Activity 文件,com/example/android/apis/app/Animation.java。通过overridePendingTransition方法将自定义动画覆盖Activity之间跳转时默认的动画,
package com.example.android.apis.app;
// Need the following import to get access to the app resources, since this
// class is in a sub-package.
import com.example.android.apis.R;
import com.example.android.apis.view.Controls1;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
/**
* <p>Example of explicitly starting and stopping the {@link LocalService}.
* This demonstrates the implementation of a service that runs in the same
* process as the rest of the application, which is explicitly started and stopped
* as desired.</p>
*/
public class Animation extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_animation);
// Watch for button clicks.
Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.fade_animation);
button.setOnClickListener(mFadeListener);
button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.zoom_animation);
button.setOnClickListener(mZoomListener);
}
private OnClickListener mFadeListener = new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
startActivity(new Intent(Animation.this, Controls1.class));
overridePendingTransition(R.anim.fade, R.anim.hold);
}
};
private OnClickListener mZoomListener = new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
startActivity(new Intent(Animation.this, Controls1.class));
overridePendingTransition(R.anim.zoom_enter, R.anim.zoom_exit);
}
};
}
在Java代码中定义动画
示例一:
(1) layout文件同上文的res\layout\main.xml。
(2) 修改AnimationActivity.java代码。在代码里创建animation并设置属性。
package com.xeedroid;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.animation.AccelerateDecelerateInterpolator;
import android.view.animation.Animation;
import android.view.animation.RotateAnimation;
public class AnimationActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
findViewById(R.id.button01).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// 创建rotate animation
Animation anim = new RotateAnimation(0, 360);
anim.setDuration(5000);
anim.setInterpolator(new AccelerateDecelerateInterpolator());
findViewById(R.id.text01).startAnimation(anim);
}
});
}
}
二、逐帧动画
后续