Java中缓存机制

缓存在很多地方我们都能看见,从数据库,hibernate(数据访问层),web前端都存在缓存问题.其中利弊我就不争论了,只是在上次的面试中,遇到一个实例.在一个项目中会存在大量的查询操作,有什么办法能更好的解决.我想缓存机制或许可以运用到.
下面大概写一下java的缓存机制吧,一个简单的缓存实例,方便以后在实际需求中进一步的改进.
Cache对象类

package cn.iholdmika.cache;

public class Cache {

	private String key;// 缓存ID
	private Object value;// 缓存数据
	private long timeOut;// 更新时间
	private boolean expired; // 是否终止

	public Cache() {
		super();
	}

	public Cache(String key, Object value, long timeOut, boolean expired) {

		this.key = key;
		this.value = value;
		this.timeOut = timeOut;
		this.expired = expired;
	}

	public String getKey() {
		return key;
	}

	public void setKey(String key) {
		this.key = key;
	}

	public Object getValue() {
		return value;
	}

	public void setValue(Object value) {
		this.value = value;
	}

	public long getTimeOut() {
		return timeOut;
	}

	public void setTimeOut(long timeOut) {
		this.timeOut = timeOut;
	}

	public boolean isExpired() {
		return expired;
	}

	public void setExpired(boolean expired) {
		this.expired = expired;
	}

}

缓存管理类

package cn.iholdmika.cache;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

public class CacheManager {

	private static HashMap<String, Object> cacheMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();

	// 单例模式
	private CacheManager() {
		super();
	}

	// 获取布尔值的缓存
	public static boolean getSimpleFlag(String key) {
		try {
			boolean value = Boolean.parseBoolean((String) cacheMap.get(key));
			return value;
		} catch (NullPointerException e) {
			return false;
		}
	}

	// 获取long型缓存
	public static long getServerStartdt(String key) {
		try {
			return (long) cacheMap.get(key);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			return 0;
		}
	}

	// 设置布尔值的缓存
	public synchronized static boolean setSimpleFlag(String key, boolean flag) {
		if (flag && getSimpleFlag(key)) {
			return false;
		} else {
			cacheMap.put(key, flag);
			return true;
		}
	}

	public synchronized static boolean setSimpleFlag(String key,
			long serverbegrundt) {
		if (cacheMap.get(key) == null) {
			cacheMap.put(key, serverbegrundt);
			return true;
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}

	// 得到缓存,同步静态方法
	private synchronized static Cache getCache(String key) {
		return (Cache) cacheMap.get(key);
	}

	// 判断是否存在一个缓存
	private synchronized static boolean hasCache(String key) {
		return cacheMap.containsKey(key);
	}

	// 清楚所有的缓存
	public synchronized static void clearAll() {
		cacheMap.clear();
	}

	// 清除某一类特定缓存,通过遍历hashmap下的所有对象,来判断它的key与传入的type是否匹配
	public synchronized static void clearAll(String type) {
		Iterator iterator = cacheMap.entrySet().iterator();
		String key;
		ArrayList<String> arr = new ArrayList<String>();
		try {
			while (iterator.hasNext()) {
				java.util.Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = (Entry<String, Object>) iterator
						.next();
				key = entry.getKey();
				if (key.startsWith(type)) {// 如果匹配则删除掉
					arr.add(key);
				}
			}
			for (int k = 0; k < arr.size(); k++) {
				clearOnly(arr.get(k));
			}
		} catch (Exception ex) {
			ex.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	// 清除指定的缓存
	public synchronized static void clearOnly(String key) {
		cacheMap.remove(key);
	}

	// 载入缓存

	public synchronized static void putCache(String key, Cache obj) {
		cacheMap.put(key, obj);
	}

	// 获取缓存信息

	public static Cache getCacheInfo(String key) {

		if (hasCache(key)) {
			Cache cache = getCache(key);
			if (cacheExpired(cache)) { // 调用判断是否终止方法
				cache.setExpired(true);
			}
			return cache;
		} else
			return null;
	}

	// 载入缓存信息
	public static void putCacheInfo(String key, Cache obj, long dt,
			boolean expired) {

		Cache cache = new Cache();
		cache.setKey(key);
		cache.setTimeOut(dt + System.currentTimeMillis()); // 设置多久后更新缓存
		cache.setValue(obj);

		cache.setExpired(expired); // 缓存默认载入时，终止状态为FALSE
		cacheMap.put(key, cache);

	}

	// 重写载入缓存信息方法
	public static void putCacheInfo(String key, Cache obj, long dt) {

		Cache cache = new Cache();
		cache.setKey(key);
		cache.setTimeOut(dt + System.currentTimeMillis());
		cache.setValue(obj);
		cache.setExpired(false);
		cacheMap.put(key, cache);

	}

	// 判断缓存是否终止
	public static boolean cacheExpired(Cache cache) {

		if (null == cache) { // 传入的缓存不存在
			return false;
		}
		long nowDt = System.currentTimeMillis(); // 系统当前的毫秒数
		long cacheDt = cache.getTimeOut(); // 缓存内的过期毫秒数
		if (cacheDt <= 0 || cacheDt > nowDt) { // 过期时间小于等于零时,或者过期时间大于当前时间时，则为FALSE
			return false;
		} else { // 大于过期时间 即过期
			return true;
		}
	}

	// 获取缓存中的大小

	public static int getCacheSize() {
		return cacheMap.size();
	}

	// 获取指定的类型的大小
	public static int getCacheSize(String type) {
		int k = 0;
		Iterator i = cacheMap.entrySet().iterator();
		String key;
		try {
			while (i.hasNext()) {
				java.util.Map.Entry entry = (java.util.Map.Entry) i.next();
				key = (String) entry.getKey();
				if (key.indexOf(type) != -1) { // 如果匹配则删除掉
					k++;
				}
			}
		} catch (Exception ex) {
			ex.printStackTrace();
		}
		return k;
	}

	// 获取缓存对象中的所有键值名称
	public static ArrayList<String> getCacheAllkey() {
		ArrayList a = new ArrayList();
		try {
			Iterator i = cacheMap.entrySet().iterator();
			while (i.hasNext()) {
				java.util.Map.Entry entry = (java.util.Map.Entry) i.next();
				a.add((String) entry.getKey());
			}
		} catch (Exception ex) {
		} finally {
			return a;
		}
	}

	// 获取缓存对象中指定类型 的键值名称
	public static ArrayList<String> getCacheListkey(String type) {
		ArrayList a = new ArrayList();
		String key;
		try {
			Iterator i = cacheMap.entrySet().iterator();
			while (i.hasNext()) {
				java.util.Map.Entry entry = (java.util.Map.Entry) i.next();
				key = (String) entry.getKey();
				if (key.indexOf(type) != -1) {
					a.add(key);
				}
			}
		} catch (Exception ex) {
		} finally {
			return a;
		}
	}
}

另一种考虑多线程的Cache

package cn.iholdmika.cache01;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;

public class ReadWriteLockDemo {
	static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Data data = new Data();
		Worker t1 = new Worker(data, true);
		Worker t2 = new Worker(data, true);
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
	}

	static class Worker extends Thread {
		Data data;
		boolean read;

		public Worker(Data data, boolean read) {
			this.data = data;
			this.read = read;
		}

		public void run() {
			if (read)
				data.get();
			else
				data.set();
		}
	}

	static class Data {
		//ReadWriteLock 可以实现在对加锁后的对象进行 ' 写 ' 操作的时,其他线程不能读写,而在 ' 读 ' 操作时其他线程则可以 ' 读而不可以写'.
		ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
		Lock read = lock.readLock();
		Lock write = lock.writeLock();

		public void set() {
			write.lock();
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().hashCode()
					+ " set:begin " + sdf.format(new Date()));
			try {
				Thread.sleep(5000);
				//
			} catch (Exception e) {

			} finally {
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().hashCode()
						+ " set:end " + sdf.format(new Date()));
				write.unlock();
			}

		}

		public int get() {
			read.lock();
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().hashCode()
					+ " get :begin " + sdf.format(new Date()));
			try {
				Thread.sleep(5000);
			} catch (Exception e) {

			} finally {
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().hashCode()
						+ " get :end " + sdf.format(new Date()));
				read.unlock();
			}

			return 1;
		}
	}
}

这都是借鉴别人的代码,我自己重新写了一次,并自己理解.纯粹自己使用...