linux socket的select函数示例

使用select函数可以以非阻塞的方式和多个socket通信。程序只是演示select函数的使用，功能非常简单，即使某个连接关闭以后也不会修改当前连接数，连接数达到最大值后会终止程序。

1. 程序使用了一个数组fd_A，通信开始后把需要通信的多个socket描述符都放入此数组。

2. 首先生成一个叫sock_fd的socket描述符，用于监听端口。

3. 将sock_fd和数组fd_A中不为0的描述符放入select将检查的集合fdsr。

4. 处理fdsr中可以接收数据的连接。如果是sock_fd，表明有新连接加入，将新加入连接的socket描述符放置到fd_A。

缺点：连接数没有动态管理，当结束一个连接时要执行conn_amount--;
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #define MYPORT 1234 // the port users will be connecting to #define BACKLOG 5 // how many pending connections queue will hold #define BUF_SIZE 200 int fd_A[BACKLOG]; // accepted connection fd int conn_amount; // current connection amount void showclient() { int i; printf("client amount: %d/n", conn_amount); for (i = 0; i < BACKLOG; i++) { printf("[%d]:%d ", i, fd_A[i]); } printf("/n/n"); } int main(void) { int sock_fd, new_fd; // listen on sock_fd, new connection on new_fd struct sockaddr_in server_addr; // server address information struct sockaddr_in client_addr; // connector's address information socklen_t sin_size; int yes = 1; char buf[BUF_SIZE]; int ret; int i; if ((sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) { perror("socket"); exit(1); } if (setsockopt(sock_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof(int)) == -1) { perror("setsockopt"); exit(1); } server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; // host byte order server_addr.sin_port = htons(MYPORT); // short, network byte order server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // automatically fill with my IP memset(server_addr.sin_zero, '/0', sizeof(server_addr.sin_zero)); if (bind(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) == -1) { perror("bind"); exit(1); } if (listen(sock_fd, BACKLOG) == -1) { perror("listen"); exit(1); } printf("listen port %d/n", MYPORT); fd_set fdsr; int maxsock; struct timeval tv; conn_amount = 0; sin_size = sizeof(client_addr); maxsock = sock_fd; while (1) { // initialize file descriptor set FD_ZERO(&fdsr); FD_SET(sock_fd, &fdsr); // timeout setting tv.tv_sec = 30; tv.tv_usec = 0; // add active connection to fd set for (i = 0; i < BACKLOG; i++) { if (fd_A[i] != 0) { FD_SET(fd_A[i], &fdsr); } } ret = select(maxsock + 1, &fdsr, NULL, NULL, &tv); if (ret < 0) { perror("select"); break; } else if (ret == 0) { printf("timeout/n"); continue; } // check every fd in the set for (i = 0; i < conn_amount; i++) { if (FD_ISSET(fd_A[i], &fdsr)) { ret = recv(fd_A[i], buf, sizeof(buf), 0); if (ret <= 0) { // client close printf("client[%d] close/n", i); close(fd_A[i]); FD_CLR(fd_A[i], &fdsr); fd_A[i] = 0; } else { // receive data if (ret < BUF_SIZE) memset(&buf[ret], '/0', 1); printf("client[%d] send:%s/n", i, buf); } } } // check whether a new connection comes if (FD_ISSET(sock_fd, &fdsr)) { new_fd = accept(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &sin_size); if (new_fd <= 0) { perror("accept"); continue; } // add to fd queue if (conn_amount < BACKLOG) { fd_A[conn_amount++] = new_fd; printf("new connection client[%d] %s:%d/n", conn_amount, inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(client_addr.sin_port)); if (new_fd > maxsock) maxsock = new_fd; } else { printf("max connections arrive, exit/n"); send(new_fd, "bye", 4, 0); close(new_fd); break; } } showclient(); } // close other connections for (i = 0; i < BACKLOG; i++) { if (fd_A[i] != 0) { close(fd_A[i]); } } exit(0); }