单例模式（Singleton pattern）四种实现

[align=center][size=x-large]PART 1 快速预览[/size][/align]
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[*][b]单例实现1：经典单例模式（Classic singleton pattern）[/b]
[/list]
[list=1]
[*]实现延迟实例化（Lazy instantiaze）；线程不安全（thread-unsafe）
[*]可用来学习单例模式思想，但是因为线程不安全，所以[color=red]不建议使用[/color]。
[/list]

/**
 * Classic singleton pattern     
 * @author <a href="mailto:ifuteng@gmail.com">futeng</a>
 */
public class Singleton {
      // private static variable
      private static Singleton singleton;

      // private constructor
      private Singleton() {
             // do something useful such as initialized data
      }

      // provides a global point of access to it
      public static Singleton getInstance() {
             if ( singleton == null) {
                   singleton = new Singleton();
            }
             return singleton;
      }
}

[list]
[*][b]单例实现2：对方法同步加锁式单例（Synchronized method singleton pattern）[/b]
[/list]
[list=1]
[*]实现延迟实例化（Lazy instantiaze）；线程安全（thread safe）；每次访问都要等候别的线程离开该方法，性能低。
[*]解决了经典单例模式线程不安全的问题，但是性能低下，所以[color=red]不建议使用[/color]。
[/list]

/**
 * Synchronized method singleton pattern     
 * @author <a href="mailto:ifuteng@gmail.com">futeng</a>
 */
public class Singleton {

      private static Singleton singleton;

      private Singleton() {}

      public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {
             if ( singleton == null) {
                   singleton = new Singleton();
            }
             return singleton;
      }
}

[list]
[*][b]单例实现3：无延迟实例化式单例（Eagerly instantiaze singleton pattern）[/b]
[/list]
[list=1]
[*]非延迟实例化（eagerly instantiaze）；线程安全（thread safe）；
[*]在类加载的第一时间被初始化，[color=red]大部分场景都可胜任[/color]。丢失了延迟实例化特性，这带来的遗憾是还未被调用就已经实例化了。
[/list]

/**
 * Eagerly singleton pattern     
 * @author <a href="mailto:ifuteng@gmail.com">futeng</a>
 */
public class Singleton {

      private static Singleton singleton = new Singleton();

      private Singleton() {}

      public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {
             return singleton;
      }
}

[list]
[*][b]单例实现4：双重检测加锁式单例（Double-checked locking singleton pattern）[/b]
[/list]
[list=1]
[*]实现延迟实例化（Lazy instantiaze）；线程安全（thread safe）；
[*]在[color=red]最佳的单例实现[/color]，稍微复杂。
[/list]

/**
 * Double checked singleton pattern     
 * @author <a href="mailto:ifuteng@gmail.com">futeng</a>
 */
public class Singleton {

      private volatile static Singleton singleton = new Singleton();

      private Singleton() {}

      public static Singleton getInstance() {
             if ( singleton == null) {
                   synchronized (Singleton. class) {
                         if ( singleton == null) {
                               singleton = new Singleton();
                        }
                  }
            }
             return singleton;
      }
}

[align=center][size=x-large]PART 2 细细品鉴[/size][/align]