Spring如何与Hibernate整合

就像以前讲得那样，框架的学习最主要的就是思想的理解和配置文件的书写问题，所以还是先讲配置文件：
在spring与Hibernate的整合中，配置文件主要都集中在了spring的配置文件里，如下例：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<!--  - Application context definition for "spring" DispatcherServlet.  -->
<beans>
       <!--这最开始的部分是Hibernate与数据库进行连接并进行表的绑定 -->
       <bean id="dataSource"
              class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
              destroy-method="close">
              <property name="driverClassName">
                     <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
              </property>
              <property name="url">
                     <value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.151.72:3306/quickstart</value>
              </property>
              <property name="username">
                     <value>root</value>
              </property>
              <property name="password">
                     <value></value>
              </property>
       </bean>
       <bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
              <property name="dataSource">
                     <ref local="dataSource" />
              </property>
              <property name="mappingResources">
                     <list>
                            <value>Customer.hbm.xml</value>
                     </list>
              </property>
              <property name="hibernateProperties">
                     <props>
                            <prop key="hibernate.dialect">
                            net.sf.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
                            </prop>
                            <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                     </props>
              </property>
       </bean>
       <!--这部分应该是spring与Hibernate进行数据交互的部分 -->
       <bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.HibernateTransactionManager">
              <property name="sessionFactory">
                     <ref local="sessionFactory" />
              </property>
       </bean>
       <bean id="bean" class="com.ln.spring.DataImpl">
              <property name="sessionFactory">
                     <ref local="sessionFactory"></ref>
              </property>
       </bean>
       <bean id="beanFactory"
       class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
              <property name="transactionManager">
                     <ref bean="transactionManager" />
              </property>
              <property name="target">
                     <ref local="bean" />
              </property>
              <property name="transactionAttributes">
                     <props>
              <prop key="insert*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
              <prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
                     </props>
              </property>
       </bean>
       <!--这部分则是spring的action与bean(数据)进行交互 -->
       <bean id="LoginAction" class="com.ln.spring.LoginAction">
              <property name="data">
                     <ref bean="beanFactory" />
              </property>
       </bean>
       <bean id="urlMapping"
       class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
              <property name="mappings">
                     <props>
                            <prop key="/login.do">LoginAction</prop>
                     </props>
              </property>
       </bean>
</beans>

如上所示，配置文件初看起来很长，很麻烦。但是（如上注释）我们可以分为三方面来看（由于在spring中所有要进行部署的类或配置信息一般都定义一个先定义一个 “id”为"***"的bean，所以下面遇到这种情况之说：定义一个“***”）：
1．Hibernate-db:
先定义一个"dataSource" (具体配置与hibernate.cfg.xml中的一致),然后定义一个“sessionFactory"，用它调用”dataSource”,并且在这个bean里面定义“hibernateProperties“（即有关hibernate的一些设置），以及与表对应的配置文件” className”.hbm.xml。
2. Hibernate-spring:
先定义一个“transactionManager”,用它调用上面定义的“sessionFactory”，之后定义一个接口实现类“bean“（它也调用上面定义的“sessionFactory”）和与Hibernate进行交互的接口“beanFactory”。用“beanFactory”调用“transactionManager”和“bean“以及定义名为"transactionAttributes"的交互参数。
3．Spring-action spring-bean
定义“LoginAction”，对应spring中用来处理业务的action。并定义“urlMapping”，用来定义页面与action的对应。
二．关于要引入的包，除了要引入spring,hibernate以及数据库驱动包之外，还要引入一个由第三方提供的aopalliance.jar包（它好像就是对spring和hibernate进行整合的包）。
三．附上本例所用到的源代码：

Customer.java:
package com.ln.hb;

import java.io.Serializable;
public class Customer implements Serializable {
   private int id;
   private String username;
   private String password;
   public int getId() {
          return id;
   }
   public String getPassword() {
          return password;
   }
   public String getUsername() {
          return username;
   }
   public void setId(int id) {
          this.id = id;
   }
   public void setPassword(String password) {
          this.password = password;
   }
   public void setUsername(String username) {
          this.username = username;
   }
}

Data.java:
/*
 * Created on 2005/01/08
 * TODO To change the template for this generated file go to
 * Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates
 */
package com.ln.spring;
import java.util.List;
import com.ln.hb.Customer;

/**
 * TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to
 * Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates
 */
public interface Data {
   public void insertCustomer(Customer customer);
   public List selectCustomer(String sql);
   }
DataImpl.java:
package com.ln.spring;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import com.ln.hb.Customer;

/**
 * TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to Window -
 * Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates
 */
public class DataImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements Data {
   public void insertCustomer(Customer customer) {
          getHibernateTemplate().save(customer);
   }
   public List selectCustomer(String sql)
   {
          return getHibernateTemplate().find(sql);
   }
}
LoginAction.java:
package com.ln.spring;

/**
 * TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to Window -
 * Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates
 */
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import com.ln.hb.Customer;
public class LoginAction implements Controller {
   Data data;

   public Data getData() {
          return data;
   }
   public void setData(Data data) {
          this.data = data;
   }
   public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request,
                 HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
          Data userDAO=(Data) data;
          Customer customer = new Customer();
//        user.setUsername("erica");
//        user.setPassword("mypass");
//        userDAO.insertCustomer(user);
          List list=userDAO.selectCustomer("from Customer as customer");
          for(int i=0;i<list.size();i++)
          {
                 System.out.println(((Customer)list.get(i)).getUsername());
          }
          return new ModelAndView("main.jsp");
   }
}
Customer.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 2.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-2.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
       <class name="com.ln.hb.Customer" table="CUSTOMER">
              <id name="id" column="CID">
                    <generator class="increment" />
              </id>
              <property name="username" column="USERNAME" />
              <property name="password" column="PASSWORD" />
       </class>
</hibernate-mapping>
web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
<web-app>
       <servlet>
              <servlet-name>hbspring</servlet-name>
              <servlet-class>
                     org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
              </servlet-class>
              <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
       </servlet>
       <servlet-mapping>
              <servlet-name>hbspring</servlet-name>
              <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
       </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

*这篇文章的配置文件部分讲解的不是很详细，稍后我会把配置文件的注释写上。