Lysine介绍（六）存储服务

上一篇：[url=http://yeaha.iteye.com/blog/734055]Lysine介绍（五）MVC - View[/url]

进入Model环节之前先介绍一下Lysine对各式存储服务的管理
最常见的存储方式就是关系式数据库了，除此之外还有MongoDB等等新型数据库，这些数据库都提供持久化存储服务
缓存服务其实也是存储服务，比如Memcached，缓存是非持久化存储服务
在Lysine里面，无论常见的关系式数据库，新型的NOSQL数据库，Memcached缓存服务，都统统等同看做存储服务，统一管理

<?php
require '/path/to/lysine/core.php';

$config = array(
    'storage' => array(
        'pool' => array(
            'mdb' => array(
                'class' => 'Lysine\Storage\Mongo',
                'server' => '127.0.0.1'
            ),
            'pgdb' => array(
                'class' => 'Lysine\Storage\DB\Adapter\Pgsql',
                'dsn' => 'pgsql:host=127.0.0.1 dbname=test',
                'user' => 'dev',
                'pass' => 'abc'
            ),
            'mydb' => array(
                'class' => 'Lysine\Storage\DB\Adapter\Mysql',
                'dsn' => 'mysql:host=127.0.0.1 dbname=test',
                'user' => 'dev',
                'pass' => 'abc',
                'options' => array(
                    \PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => true
                ),
            ),
            'my_cache' => array(
                'class' => 'Lysine\Storage\Cache\Memcached',
                'life_time' => 3600,
                'server' => array('127.0.0.1', 11211),
            ),
        ),
    ),
);

Lysine\Config::import($config);
$pool = Lysine\Storage\Pool::instance();

// 对mongodb的连接实例
$mongo_connect = $pool->get('mdb');
// 对mysql的连接实例
$mysql_connect = $pool->get('mydb');
// 对pgsql的连接实例，通过__invoke()魔法方法
$pgsql_connect = $pool('pgdb');
// 对memcached的连接实例，使用预定义函数
$my_cache = storage('my_cache');

Lysine\Storage\Pool类的作用就是管理所有的存储服务，根据名字获得对应的实例

所有的Storage类都继承自Lysine\IStorage接口，这个接口保证所有的Storage子类的构造函数都使用数组风格，然后Pool才能够统一根据数组配置信息实例化类，也就是说，如果要想把自己开发的storage类放到Pool里面管理，也必须继承IStorage接口

除了根据名字拿到对应的连接之外，Pool还提供了自定义路由的方法
假设需要把用户数据水平切分到三台数据库内，用最简单的用id值对3取余数的方式切分

<?php
require '/path/to/lysine/core.php';

$config = array(
    'storage' => array(
        'pool' => array(
            'user0' => array(
                'class' => 'Lysine\Storage\DB\Adapter\Pgsql',
                'dsn' => 'pgsql:host=192.168.1.2 dbname=users',
                'user' => 'dev',
                'pass' => 'abc',
            ),
            'user1' => array(
                'class' => 'Lysine\Storage\DB\Adapter\Pgsql',
                'dsn' => 'pgsql:host=192.168.1.3 dbname=users',
                'user' => 'dev',
                'pass' => 'abc',
            ),
            'user2' => array(
                'class' => 'Lysine\Storage\DB\Adapter\Pgsql',
                'dsn' => 'pgsql:host=192.168.1.4 dbname=users',
                'user' => 'dev',
                'pass' => 'abc',
            ),
        ),
    ),
);

Lysine\Config::import($config);

$pool = Lysine\Storage\Pool::instance();
$pool->setDispatcher('user', function($id) {
    return 'user'. ($id % 3);
});

// user1
$db = $pool->get('user', 1);
// user2
$db = $pool->get('user', 2);
// user0
$db = $pool->get('user', 3);

使用Pool setDispatcher()方法，你可以设定自己的路由方式，根据不同的参数连接不同的数据库

再来一个复杂点的，使用一致性哈希算法切分

<?php
// 一个一致性hash实现  http://github.com/pda/flexihash
require_once '/path/to/flexihash/include/init.php';
require_once '/path/to/lysine/core.php';

use Lysine\Config;

$config = array(
    'storage' => array(
        'pool' => array(
            'user1' => array(
                'class' => 'Lysine\Storage\DB\Adapter\Pgsql',
                'dsn' => 'pgsql:host=127.0.0.1 dbname=users1',
                'user' => 'dev',
                'pass' => 'abc',
            ),
            'user2' => array(
                'class' => 'Lysine\Storage\DB\Adapter\Pgsql',
                'dsn' => 'pgsql:host=127.0.0.1 dbname=users2',
                'user' => 'dev',
                'pass' => 'abc',
            ),
            'user3' => array(
                'class' => 'Lysine\Storage\DB\Adapter\Pgsql',
                'dsn' => 'pgsql:host=127.0.0.1 dbname=users3',
                'user' => 'dev',
                'pass' => 'abc',
            ),
            'user4' => array(
                'class' => 'Lysine\Storage\DB\Adapter\Pgsql',
                'dsn' => 'pgsql:host=127.0.0.1 dbname=users4',
                'user' => 'dev',
                'pass' => 'abc',
            ),
            'user5' => array(
                'class' => 'Lysine\Storage\DB\Adapter\Pgsql',
                'dsn' => 'pgsql:host=127.0.0.1 dbname=users5',
                'user' => 'dev',
                'pass' => 'abc',
            ),
            'topic1' => array(
                'class' => 'Lysine\Storage\DB\Adapter\Mysql',
                'dsn' => 'mysql:host=127.0.0.1 dbname=topic1',
                'user' => 'dev',
                'pass' => 'abc',
            ),
            'topic2' => array(
                'class' => 'Lysine\Storage\DB\Adapter\Mysql',
                'dsn' => 'mysql:host=127.0.0.1 dbname=topic2',
                'user' => 'dev',
                'pass' => 'abc',
            ),
            'topic3' => array(
                'class' => 'Lysine\Storage\DB\Adapter\Mysql',
                'dsn' => 'mysql:host=127.0.0.1 dbname=topic3',
                'user' => 'dev',
                'pass' => 'abc',
            ),
        ),
    ),
);

Config::import($config);

$user_hash = new Flexihash();
$topic_hash = new Flexihash();
foreach (Config::get('storage', 'pool') as $node_name) {
    if (substr($node_name, 0, 4) == 'user') {
        $user_hash->addTarget($node_name);
    } elseif (substr($node_name, 0, 5) == 'topic') {
        $topic_hash->addTarget($node_name);
    }
}

$pool = Lysine\Storage\Pool::instance();

// user数据以id来分区
$pool->setDispatcher('user', array($user_hash, 'lookup'));
// 或者
$pool->setDispatcher('user', function($user_id) use ($user_hash) {
    return $user_hash->lookup($user_id);
});

// topic数据以user id来分区
$pool->setDispatcher('topic', array($topichash, 'lookup'));
// 或者
$pool->setDispatcher('topic', function($user_id) use ($topic_hash) {
    return $topic_hash->lookup($user_id);
});

Pool除了可以方便的获得存储服务连接之外，还有两个目的：
[list]
[*]数据的垂直切分机制，通过名字获得对应连接
[*]数据的水平切分机制，通过路由获得对应连接
[/list]
接下来会介绍内置的两种ORM封装：ActiveRecord和DataMapper，它们都内置了垂直切分机制