在 实际应用中,有时候需要多个线程同时工作以完成同一件事情,而且在完成过程中,往往会等待其他线程都完成某一阶段后再执行,等所有线程都到达某一个阶段后再统一执行。
比如有几个旅行团需要途经深圳、广州、韶关、长沙最后到达武汉。旅行团中有自驾游的,有徒步的,有乘坐旅游大巴的;这些旅行团同时出发,并且每到一个目的地,都要等待其他旅行团到达此地后再同时出发,直到都到达终点站武汉。
这时候CyclicBarrier 就可以派上用场。CyclicBarrier最重要的属性就是参与者个数,另外最要方法是await()。当所有线程都调用了await()后,就表示这些线程都可以继续执行,否则就会等待。
package concurrent; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException; import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class TestCyclicBarrier { // 徒步需要的时间: Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Shaoguan, Changsha, Wuhan private static int [] timeWalk = { 5 , 8 , 15 , 15 , 10 } ; // 自驾游 private static int [] timeSelf = { 1 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 5 } ; // 旅游大巴 private static int [] timeBus = { 2 , 4 , 6 , 6 , 7 } ; static String now () { SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat ( "HH:mm:ss" ) ; return sdf.format ( new Date ()) + ": " ; }
static class Tour implements Runnable { private int [] times; private CyclicBarrier barrier; private String tourName; public Tour ( CyclicBarrier barrier, String tourName, int [] times ) { this .times = times; this .tourName = tourName; this .barrier = barrier; } public void run () { try { Thread.sleep ( times [ 0 ] * 1000 ) ; System.out.println ( now () + tourName + " Reached Shenzhen" ) ; barrier.await () ; Thread.sleep ( times [ 1 ] * 1000 ) ; System.out.println ( now () + tourName + " Reached Guangzhou" ) ; barrier.await () ; Thread.sleep ( times [ 2 ] * 1000 ) ; System.out.println ( now () + tourName + " Reached Shaoguan" ) ; barrier.await () ; Thread.sleep ( times [ 3 ] * 1000 ) ; System.out.println ( now () + tourName + " Reached Changsha" ) ; barrier.await () ; Thread.sleep ( times [ 4 ] * 1000 ) ; System.out.println ( now () + tourName + " Reached Wuhan" ) ; barrier.await () ; } catch ( InterruptedException e ) { } catch ( BrokenBarrierException e ) { } } }
public static void main ( String [] args ) { // 三个旅行团 CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier ( 3 ) ; ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool ( 3 ) ; exec.submit ( new Tour ( barrier, "WalkTour" , timeWalk )) ; exec.submit ( new Tour ( barrier, "SelfTour" , timeSelf )) ; exec.submit ( new Tour ( barrier, "BusTour" , timeBus )) ; exec.shutdown () ; } } |
运行结果:
00:02:25: SelfTour Reached Shenzhen
00:02:25: BusTour Reached Shenzhen
00:02:27: WalkTour Reached Shenzhen
00:02:30: SelfTour Reached Guangzhou
00:02:31: BusTour Reached Guangzhou
00:02:35: WalkTour Reached Guangzhou
00:02:39: SelfTour Reached Shaoguan
00:02:41: BusTour Reached Shaoguan