一、class object、class variable
首先class在python里面是一个对象,它有独立区域存储属于自己的数据,而不需要实例化。
class Hehe(object):
count = 0 # class variable
def __init__(self, c):
Hehe.count = Hehe.count + c
print 'addres same' if id(Hehe.count) == id(self.count) else 'addres not same'
#addres same
self.count = self.count + c # instance variable
print 'addres same' if id(Hehe.count) == id(self.count) else 'addres not same'
#addres not same
print 'class var: %d' %Hehe.count
print 'instance var: %d' %self.count
h1 = Hehe(1)
print ''
h2 = Hehe(10)
输出:
addres same
addres not same
class var: 1
instance var: 2
addres same
addres not same
class var: 11
instance var: 21
结论:
- instance 变量未赋值前value为class 变量地址是一样的,赋值后,地址发生变更,这说明class变量与instance变量是两个引用
- instance 变量生存范围在instance层级,class变量生存在class 对象里
二、@classmethod和@staticmethod
class Hehe(object):
count = 0 # class variable
def __init__(self, c):
Hehe.count = Hehe.count + c
self.count = self.count + c # instance variable
@classmethod
def get_class_count(cls_obj):
return cls_obj.count
@staticmethod
def a_static_method():
pass
h1 = Hehe(1)
# class level
print h1.get_class_count()
# 11
print h1.count
# 2
# instance level
print Hehe.get_class_count()
# 11
print Hehe.count
# 11
结论:
- @classmethod标记的方法可以通过class直接调用,因为第一个参数包含class object,所以可以拿到class variable
- @staticmethod和@classmethod都可以被class直接调用,但@staticmethod拿到不到class object
贴个stackflow的图片:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12179271/python-classmethod-and-staticmethod-for-beginner
-end