设计模式之抽象工厂模式学习

抽象工厂模式：提供了一个创建一系列相关或相互依赖对象的接口，而无需指定它们的具体的类。它用于解决涉及多个产品系列的问题，包含所有产品的创建方法。

AbstractProductA和AbstractProductB是两个抽象的产品，之所以称之为抽象就是因为它们可以有两种不同的实现，ProductaA1,ProductA2,和ProductB1,ProductB2就是他它们的具体实现。就像代码中的User和Department表，派生了AccessUser和AccessDepartment以及SQLUser和SQLDeparment。

IFactory是抽象工厂接口，它包含所有产品创建方法的抽象方法。ConcretFactory1和ConcreteFactory2就是具体的抽象工厂。就像AccessFactory和SQLFactroy。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class User
{
	public:
	  User()
	  {
  		
  	  }
	  virtual void insert()=0;
	  virtual void get()=0;  
	
};
class AccessUser:public User
{
public:
	AccessUser()
	{

	}
	virtual void insert()
	{
		cout<<"AccessUser Insert a new record in the User table!!"<<endl;
	}
	virtual void get()
	{
		cout<<"AccessUser get a record n the User table!"<<endl;
	}
};
class SQLUser:public User
{
public:
	SQLUser()
	{

	}
	virtual void insert()
	{
		cout<<"SQLSERVER Insert a new record in the User table!!"<<endl;
	}
	virtual void get()
	{
		cout<<"SQLSERVER get a record in the User table!"<<endl;
	}
};
class Department
{
public:
	Department()
	{

	}
	virtual void insert()=0;
	virtual void get()=0;
};
class AccessDepartment:public Department
{
public:
	AccessDepartment()
	{

	}
	virtual void insert()
	{
		cout<<"Access Insert a new record in the Department table"<<endl;
	}
	virtual void get()
	{
		cout<<"Access get a new record in the Department table"<<endl;
	}
};
class SQLDepartment:public Department
{
public:
	SQLDepartment()
	{

	}
	virtual void insert()
	{
		cout<<"SQL server Insert a new record in the Department table"<<endl;
	}
	virtual void get()
	{
		cout<<"SQL server get a new record in the Department table"<<endl;
	}
};
class IFactroy
{
public:
	IFactroy()
	{

	}
	virtual User*CreateUser()=0;
	virtual Department*CreateDepartment()=0;
};
class AccessFactory:public IFactroy
{
public:
	AccessFactory()
	{

	}
	virtual User*CreateUser()
	{
		return new AccessUser();
	}
	virtual Department*CreateDepartment()
	{
		return new AccessDepartment;
	}
};
class SQLFactory:public IFactroy
{
public:
	SQLFactory()
	{

	}
	virtual User*CreateUser()
	{
		return new SQLUser();
	}
	virtual Department*CreateDepartment()
	{
		return new SQLDepartment;
	}
};

int main(int argc,char**argv)
{
	IFactroy *factory=new SQLFactory;
	User *user=factory->CreateUser();

	user->insert();
	user->get();

	Department*dp=factory->CreateDepartment();

	dp->insert();
	dp->get();

	factory=new AccessFactory;
	user=factory->CreateUser();
	dp=factory->CreateDepartment();

	user->get();
	user->insert();
	dp->get();
	dp->insert();

	cout<<"简单工厂模式改进！"<<endl;
	DataAccess da(2);
	user=da.createUser();
	dp=da.createDepartment();

	user->get();
	user->insert();
	dp->get();
	dp->insert();

	DataAccess da2(1);
	user=da2.createUser();
	dp=da2.createDepartment();

	user->get();
	user->insert();
	dp->get();
	dp->insert();
	return 0;
}

通常在运行时创建具体的工厂，根据这个工厂在创建不同的产品对象。

抽象工厂的好处是，一：易于更换产品，由于具体的工厂如IFactory*factory=newAccessFactory;仅仅在初始化的时候出现一次，就使得改变具体的抽象工厂非常容易。二：让具体的实例创建过程与客户端分离，客户端通过抽象接口操纵实例，产品的具体类也被具体模式的实现分离，不会出现在客户代码中。

缺点：抽象工厂可以很方便的切换两个数据库，但是当需求增加时如需要增加Project表时就需要改动三个类，即IFactory，AccessFactory,SQLFacroy另外还得增加三个类。还有，访问数据库的客户端代码很可能有多处，更换数据库时需要修改每一处，这仍然很不方便。编程是一门艺术，这样大批量的改动显然是丑陋的做法。

使用简单工厂改进抽象工厂

class DataAccess
{
public:
	int type;
public:
	DataAccess(int t)
	{
		type=t;
	}
	User*createUser()
	{
		switch(type)
		{
		case 1:
			{
				return new AccessUser;
			}
			break;
		case 2:
			{
				return new SQLUser;
			}
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
	Department*createDepartment()
	{
		switch(type)
		{
		case 1:
			{
				return new AccessDepartment;
			}
			break;
		case 2:
			{
				return new SQLDepartment;
			}
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
};
int main(int argc,char**argv)
{
	IFactroy *factory=new SQLFactory;
	User *user=factory->CreateUser();

	user->insert();
	user->get();

	Department*dp=factor->CreateDepartment();
	cout<<"简单工厂模式改进！"<<endl;
	DataAccess da(2);
	user=da.createUser();
	dp=da.createDepartment();

	user->get();
	user->insert();
	dp->get();
	dp->insert();

	DataAccess da2(1);
	user=da2.createUser();
	dp=da2.createDepartment();

	user->get();
	user->insert();
	dp->get();
	dp->insert();
	return 0;
}