作者:Flyingis
继承是面向对象语言基本特征之一,通过继承可以将父类所具有的特性遗传到子类。ECMAScript中的继承不像Java、C++等语言那么明显,直接通过关键字来实现,通常它是通过模拟方式来实现继承功能的,并且实现方式有多种。
在继承中引入this关键字,使用构造器方法定义类来实现继承。一个构造器是一个函数,因此可以将父类的构造器作为子类的一个方法使用并进行调用。
function
ClassA(id)
{
this .id = id;
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
this .sayId = function()
{
alert(this.id);
};
}
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
function
ClassB(id, name)
{
this .newMethod = ClassA;
this .newMethod(id);
delete this.newMethod;
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
this.name= name;
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
this.sayName= function()
{
alert(this.name);
};
}
注意,子类中所有新的属性和方法都必需在删除newMethod后引入,否则,可能存在用父类的属性和方法重写子类属性和方法的危险。另外,使用这种方法还可以实现多重继承,此时如果两个父类具有相同的属性或方法时,最后的类具有优先级。由于这种继承方法比较流行,ECMAScript第三版引入了两个Function对象:call()和apply()。
call()
call()方法是最接近上述继承方式的方法,它的第一个参数是this指向的对象,所有的其他参数都直接传到function。
function
sayMessage(first, last)
{
alert(first + this.logic +last);
}
;
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
var
obj
=
new
Object();
obj.logic
=
"
or
"
;
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
sayMessage.call(obj,
"
Coffee
"
,
"
Tea
"
);
//
输出"Coffee or Tea"
用call()方法来实现继承,只需要this.newMethod相关的三行代码。
function
ClassB(id, name)
{
//this.newMethod = ClassA;
//this.newMethod(id);
//delete this.newMethod;
ClassA.call(this, id); //this指向ClassB的对象
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
this.name =name;
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
this.sayName = function() {
alert(this.name);
};
}
apply()
apply()方法需要两个参数:this所指向的对象,和传到function的由参数组成的array。
function
sayMessage(first, last)
{
alert(first + this.logic +last);
}
;
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
var
obj
=
new
Object();
obj.logic
=
"
or
"
;
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
sayMessage.apply(obj,
new
Array(
"
Coffee
"
,
"
Tea
"
));
//
输出"Coffee or Tea"
同样,使用 apply() 实现继承可以通过如下方法实现。
function
ClassB(id, name)
{
//this.newMethod = ClassA;
//this.newMethod(id);
//delete this.newMethod;
ClassA.apply(this, new Array(id)); //this指向ClassB的对象
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
this.name = name;
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
this.sayName = function()
{
alert(this.name);
};
}
当父类构造器的参数和子类构造器参数的顺序一致时,可以使用子类的arguments对象作为第二个参数。否则,必需创建一个array来传递参数,或是使用call()方法。
文章待续……
继承是面向对象语言基本特征之一,通过继承可以将父类所具有的特性遗传到子类。ECMAScript中的继承不像Java、C++等语言那么明显,直接通过关键字来实现,通常它是通过模拟方式来实现继承功能的,并且实现方式有多种。
在继承中引入this关键字,使用构造器方法定义类来实现继承。一个构造器是一个函数,因此可以将父类的构造器作为子类的一个方法使用并进行调用。
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedSubBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![ExpandedBlockEnd.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedSubBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![ExpandedBlockEnd.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
注意,子类中所有新的属性和方法都必需在删除newMethod后引入,否则,可能存在用父类的属性和方法重写子类属性和方法的危险。另外,使用这种方法还可以实现多重继承,此时如果两个父类具有相同的属性或方法时,最后的类具有优先级。由于这种继承方法比较流行,ECMAScript第三版引入了两个Function对象:call()和apply()。
call()
call()方法是最接近上述继承方式的方法,它的第一个参数是this指向的对象,所有的其他参数都直接传到function。
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedBlockEnd.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
用call()方法来实现继承,只需要this.newMethod相关的三行代码。
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedSubBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![ExpandedBlockEnd.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
apply()
apply()方法需要两个参数:this所指向的对象,和传到function的由参数组成的array。
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedBlockEnd.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
同样,使用 apply() 实现继承可以通过如下方法实现。
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedSubBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
![dot.gif](/Images/dot.gif)
![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![ExpandedBlockEnd.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
当父类构造器的参数和子类构造器参数的顺序一致时,可以使用子类的arguments对象作为第二个参数。否则,必需创建一个array来传递参数,或是使用call()方法。
文章待续……