对象转型

对象转型： 1）一个基类的引用类型变量可以“指向”其子类的对象、2）一个基类的引用不可以访问其子类对象新增的成员（属性和方法）、3）可以使用引用变量instanceof+类名来判断该引用类型变量所“指向”的对象是否属于该类或该类的子类、4）子类的对象可以当作基类的对象来使用称作向上转型（upcasting），反之称为向下转型（downcasting）

class Animal {
	public String name;

	Animal(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
}

class Cat extends Animal {
	public String eyesColor;

	Cat(String n, String c) {
		super(n); // 调用父类构造
		eyesColor = c;
	}
}

class Dog extends Animal {
	public String furColor;

	Dog(String n, String c) {
		super(n);
		furColor = c;
	}
}

public class Casting {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Animal a = new Animal("name");
		Cat c = new Cat("catname", "blue");
		Dog d = new Dog("dogname", "black");

		System.out.println(a instanceof Animal); // true
		System.out.println(c instanceof Animal); // true
		System.out.println(d instanceof Animal); // true
		System.out.println(a instanceof Cat); // false

		Casting test = new Casting();
		test.f(a); // name:name
		test.f(d); // name:dogname
		// black fur
		test.f(c); // name:catname
		// blue eyes

		a = new Dog("bigyellow", "yellow");
		System.out.println(a.name); // bigyellow
		// System.out.println(a.furColor); //error
		System.out.println(a instanceof Animal); // true
		System.out.println(a instanceof Dog); // true
		Dog d1 = (Dog) a;
		System.out.println(d1.furColor); // yellow
	}

	public void f(Animal a) {
		System.out.println("name:" + a.name);
		if (a instanceof Cat) {
			Cat cat = (Cat) a;
			System.out.println("  " + cat.eyesColor + " eyes");
		} else if (a instanceof Dog) {
			Dog dog = (Dog) a;
			System.out.println("  " + dog.furColor + " fur");
		}
	}
}