1)hibernate一级缓存:一级缓存很短和session的生命周期一致,一级缓存也叫session级的缓存或事务级缓存
那些方法支持一级缓存:
* get()
* load()
* iterate(查询实体对象)
如何管理一级缓存:(一级缓存无法取消)
* session.clear(),session.evict()
如何避免一次性大量的实体数据入库导致内存溢出
* 先flush,再clear
如果数据量特别大,考虑采用jdbc实现,如果jdbc也不能满足要求可以考虑采用数据本身的特定导入工具
2)hibernate二级缓存:二级缓存也称进程级的缓存或SessionFactory级的缓存,二级缓存可以被所有的session共享;二级缓存的生命周期和SessionFactory的生命周期一致,SessionFactory可以管理二级缓存
二级缓存的配置和使用:
* 将echcache.xml文件拷贝到src下
* 开启二级缓存,修改hibernate.cfg.xml文件
* 指定缓存产品提供商,修改hibernate.cfg.xml文件
* 指定那些实体类使用二级缓存(两种方法)
* 在映射文件中采用<cache>标签(Student.hbm.xml)
* 在hibernate.cfg.xml文件中,采用<class-cache>标签
二级缓存是缓存实体对象的
了解一级缓存和二级缓存的交互
3)hibernate查询缓存:查询缓存是针对普通属性结果集的缓存,对实体对象的结果集只缓存id,查询缓存的生命周期,当前关联的表发生修改,那么查询缓存生命周期结束
查询缓存的配置和使用:
* 在hibernate.cfg.xml文件中启用查询缓存,如:
* 在程序中必须手动启用查询缓存,如:
那些方法支持一级缓存:
* get()
* load()
* iterate(查询实体对象)
如何管理一级缓存:(一级缓存无法取消)
* session.clear(),session.evict()
如何避免一次性大量的实体数据入库导致内存溢出
* 先flush,再clear
如果数据量特别大,考虑采用jdbc实现,如果jdbc也不能满足要求可以考虑采用数据本身的特定导入工具
// test
import java.io.Serializable;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class CacheLevel1Test extends TestCase {
/**
* 在同一个session中发出两次load查询
*/
public void testCache1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Student student = (Student) session.load(Student.class, 2);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
// 不会发出sql,因为load使用缓存
student = (Student) session.load(Student.class, 2);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 在同一个session中发出两次get查询
*/
public void testCache2() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Student student = (Student) session.get(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
// 不会发出sql,因为get使用缓存
student = (Student) session.get(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 在同一个session中发出两次iterate查询实体对象
*/
public void testCache3() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Student student = (Student) session.createQuery(
"from Student s where s.id=1").iterate().next();
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
// 会发出查询id的sql,不会发出查询实体对象的sql,因为iterate使用缓存
student = (Student) session.createQuery(
"from Student s where s.id=1").iterate().next();
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 在同一个session中发出两次iterate查询普通属性
*/
public void testCache4() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
String name = (String) session.createQuery(
"select s.name from Student s where s.id=0").iterate()
.next();
System.out.println("student.name=" + name);
// iterate查询普通属性,一级缓存不会缓存,所以发出sql
// 一级缓存是缓存实体对象的
name = (String) session.createQuery(
"select s.name from Student s where s.id=1").iterate()
.next();
System.out.println("student.name=" + name);
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 开启两个session中发出load查询
*/
public void testCache5() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Student student = (Student) session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
// 会发出查询语句,session间不能共享一级缓存的数据
// 因为它会伴随session的生命周期存在和消亡
Student student = (Student) session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 在同一个session中先save,在发出load查询save过的数据
*/
public void testCache6() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Student stu = new Student();
stu.setName("王五");
Serializable id = session.save(stu); // 存储时返回序列化id
// 不会发出sql,因为save是使用缓存的
Student student = (Student) session.load(Student.class, id);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 向数据库中批量加入1000条数据
*/
public void testCache7() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
Student student = new Student();
student.setName("s_" + i);
session.save(student);
// 每20条数据就强制session将数据持久化
// 同时清除缓存,避免大量数据造成内存溢出
if (i % 20 == 0) {
session.flush();
session.clear();
}
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
2)hibernate二级缓存:二级缓存也称进程级的缓存或SessionFactory级的缓存,二级缓存可以被所有的session共享;二级缓存的生命周期和SessionFactory的生命周期一致,SessionFactory可以管理二级缓存
二级缓存的配置和使用:
* 将echcache.xml文件拷贝到src下
* 开启二级缓存,修改hibernate.cfg.xml文件
<property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</property>
* 指定缓存产品提供商,修改hibernate.cfg.xml文件
<property name="hibernate.cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider</property>
* 指定那些实体类使用二级缓存(两种方法)
* 在映射文件中采用<cache>标签(Student.hbm.xml)
* 在hibernate.cfg.xml文件中,采用<class-cache>标签
二级缓存是缓存实体对象的
了解一级缓存和二级缓存的交互
// test
import org.hibernate.CacheMode;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class CacheLevel2Test extends TestCase {
/**
* 开启两个session,分别调用load
*/
public void testCache1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Student student = (Student) session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
// 不会发出sql,因为开启了二级缓存,session是共享二级缓存的
Student student = (Student) session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 开启两个session,分别调用get
*/
public void testCache2() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Student student = (Student) session.get(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
// 不会发出sql,因为开启了二级缓存,session是共享二级缓存的
Student student = (Student) session.get(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 开启两个session,分别调用load,在使用SessionFactory清除二级缓存
*/
public void testCache3() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Student student = (Student) session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
// SessionFactory管理二级缓存(SessionFactory级的缓存)
SessionFactory factory = HibernateUtils.getSessionFactory();
// factory.evict(Student.class); // 清除所有class对象
factory.evict(Student.class, 1); // 清除指定class对象
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
// 会发出查询sql,因为二级缓存中的数据被清除了
Student student = (Student) session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 一级缓存和二级缓存的交互
*/
public void testCache4() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
// 参数CacheMode是一个枚举参数
// 仅向二级缓存读数据,而不向二级缓存写数据
session.setCacheMode(CacheMode.GET); // 设置二级缓存的交互模式
Student student = (Student) session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
// 默认CacheMode,既可以写也会读,现在session中有数据了
// 发出sql语句,因为session设置了CacheMode为GET,所以二级缓存中没有数据
Student student = (Student) session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
// 只向二级缓存写数据,而不从二级缓存读数据
session.setCacheMode(CacheMode.PUT); // 设置二级缓存的交互模式
// 会发出查询sql,因为session将CacheMode设置成了PUT
Student student = (Student) session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
3)hibernate查询缓存:查询缓存是针对普通属性结果集的缓存,对实体对象的结果集只缓存id,查询缓存的生命周期,当前关联的表发生修改,那么查询缓存生命周期结束
查询缓存的配置和使用:
* 在hibernate.cfg.xml文件中启用查询缓存,如:
<property name="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">true</property>
* 在程序中必须手动启用查询缓存,如:
// tset
import org.hibernate.Session;
public class InitData {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
try {
session.beginTransaction();
for(int i=0; i<10; i++){
Classes classes = new Classes();
classes.setName("班级"+i);
session.save(classes);
for(int j=0; j<10; j++){
Student student = new Student();
student.setName("班级"+i+"的学生"+j);
//在内存中建立由student指向classes的引用
student.setClasses(classes);
session.save(student);
}
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally{
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class CacheLevel2Test extends TestCase {
/**
* 开启查询缓存,关闭二级缓存
*
* 开启一个session,分别调用query.list查询普通属性
*/
public void testCache1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s.name from Student s");
//手动启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
List names = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=names.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
String name = (String)iter.next();
System.out.println(name);
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
query = session.createQuery("select s.name from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
//没有发出查询sql,因为启用了查询缓存(缓存的是普通属性)
names = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=names.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
String name = (String)iter.next();
System.out.println(name);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 开启查询缓存,关闭二级缓存
*
* 开启两个session,分别调用query.list查询普通属性
*/
public void testCache2() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s.name from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
List names = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=names.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
String name = (String)iter.next();
System.out.println(name);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s.name from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
//不会发出查询sql,因为查询缓存的生命周期和session无关
List names = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=names.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
String name = (String)iter.next();
System.out.println(name);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 开启查询缓存,关闭二级缓存
*
* 开启两个session,分别调用query.iterate(迭代接口)查询普通属性
*/
public void testCache3() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s.name from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
for (Iterator iter=query.iterate();iter.hasNext(); ) {
String name = (String)iter.next();
System.out.println(name);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s.name from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
//查询缓存只对query.list()起作用,query.iterate不起作用
//也就是query.iterate不使用查询缓存
for (Iterator iter=query.iterate();iter.hasNext(); ) {
String name = (String)iter.next();
System.out.println(name);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 关闭查询缓存,关闭二级缓存
*
* 开启两个session,分别调用query.list查询实体对象
*/
public void testCache4() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
//query.setCacheable(true);
List students = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
//query.setCacheable(true);
//会发出查询sql,因为list默认每次都会发出查询sql
List students = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 开启查询缓存,关闭二级缓存
*
* 开启两个session,分别调用query.list查询实体对象
*/
public void testCache5() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
List students = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
//会发出n条查询语句,因为开启了查询缓存,关闭了二级缓存,那么查询缓存会缓存实体对象的id
//所以hibernate会根据实体对象的id去查询相应的实体,如果缓存中不存在相应的
//实体那么将发出根据实体id查询的sql语句,否则不会发出sql使用缓存中的数据
List students = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 开启查询缓存,开启二级缓存
*
* 开启两个session,分别调用query.list查询实体对象
*/
public void testCache6() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
List students = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
//不会发出查询sql,因为开启了二级缓存和查询缓存,查询缓存缓存了实体对象的id列表
//hibernate会根据实体对象的id列表到二级缓存中取得相应的数据
List students = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
query.setCacheable(true);
// model
import java.util.Set;
public class Classes {
private int id;
private String name;
private Set<Student> students;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
this.students = students;
}
public Set<Student> getStudents() {
return students;
}
}
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private Classes classes;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Classes getClasses() {
return classes;
}
public void setClasses(Classes classes) {
this.classes = classes;
}
}
// hibernate.cfg.xml
<!-- 开启二级缓存,默认 -->
<property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</property>
<!-- 指定缓存产品提供商 -->
<property name="hibernate.cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider</property>
<!-- 启用查询缓存,默认关闭 -->
<property name="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">true</property>
<mapping resource="com/bjsxt/hibernate/Classes.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/bjsxt/hibernate/Student.hbm.xml"/>
<class-cache class="com.bjsxt.hibernate.Student" usage="read-only"/>
<!-- 指定实体类使用二级缓存(推荐) -->
// Classes.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping package="com.bjsxt.hibernate">
<class name="Classes" table="t_classes">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<set name="students" inverse="true" cascade="all">
<key column="classesid"/>
<one-to-many class="Student"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
// Student.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.bjsxt.hibernate.Student" table="t_student">
<!--
<cache usage="read-only"/>
--><!-- 指定实体类使用二级缓存 -->
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<many-to-one name="classes" column="classesid"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>