JAVA学习笔记之七继承和多态

继承和多态

public class Point2D {

private int x;//定义成私有的在 扩展的类中不能直接调用的

private int y; //定义成私有的在 扩展的类中不能直接调用的 在这里初始值为0

public Point2D() {

}

public Point2D(int x, int y) {

this.x = x;

this.y = y;

}

public void setX(int x) { this.x = x; }

public void setY(int y) { this.y = y; }

public int getX() { return x; }

public int getY() { return y; }

}

public class Point3D extends Point2D { // 扩展Point2D类

private int z; // 新增私有数据

public Point3D() {

super();//调用父类中的没有参数的构造函数

}

// 定义建构方法

Point3D(int x, int y, int z) {

super(x, y); //同时指定呼叫父类构造函数

this.z = z;

}

// 新增方法

public void setZ(int z) { this.z = z; }

public int getZ() { return z; }

}

public class ExtendDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Point3D p1 = new Point3D(1, 3, 4);

Point3D p2 = new Point3D(); //调用这个public Point3D()没有参数 只是初始值

System.out.printf("p1: (%d, %d, %d) \n",

p1.getX(), p1.getY(), p1.getZ());

System.out.printf("p2: (%d, %d, %d) \n",

p2.getX(), p2.getY(), p2.getZ());

}

}

执行结果；

p1: (1, 3, 4)

p2: (0, 0, 0)

收保护的成员(Protected) 有限制的调用

（包括可以被子类调用）

public class Rectangle {

//受保护的member可以被子类调用

protected int x;

protected int y;

protected int width;

protected int height;

public Rectangle() {

}

public Rectangle(int x, int y, int width, int height) {

this.x = x;

this.y = y;

this.width = width;

this.height = height;

}

public void setX(int x) { this.x = x; }

public void setY(int y) { this.y = y; }

public void setWidth(int width) { this.width = width; }

public void setHeight(int height) { this.height = height; }

public int getX() { return x; }

public int getY() { return y; }

public int getWidth() { return width; }

public int getHeight() { return height; }

public int getArea() { return width*height; }

}

public class Cubic extends Rectangle {

protected int z;

protected int length;

public Cubic() {

super();

}

public Cubic(int x, int y, int z, int length, int width, int height) {

super(x, y, width, height);

this.z = z;

this.length = length;

}

public void setZ(int z) { this.z = z; }

public void setLength(int length) { this.length = length; }

public int getZ() { return z; }

public int getLength() { return length; }

public int getVolumn() { // 可以直接使用父类中的width、height成员

return length*width*height;

}

}

public class ExtendCubic {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Cubic p1 = new Cubic(1,3,4,5,7,9); //int x, int y, int z, int length, int width, int height

Cubic p2 = new Cubic(); //调用这个public Cubic() 没有参数 只是初始值

System.out.printf("p1: (%d,%d) \n",

p1.getVolumn(), p1.getArea());

System.out.printf("p2: (%d) \n",

p2.getVolumn());

}

}

重写的方法（override）方法

1． 重写 返回类型相同

public class SimpleArray{

protected int[] array;

public SimpleArray(int i){

array = new int[i];

}

public void setElement(int i,int data){

array[i]=data;

}

}

扩展类重写方法

public class SafeArray extends SimpleArray{

public SafeArray(int i){

super(i);

}

//扩展类重写方法但接口与simpleArray的 接口相同

public void setElement(int i,int data){

if(i<array.length)

super.setElement(i,data);

}

}

2． 重写 返回类型不同

public class Point2D{

projected int x;

projected int y;

public Point2D(int x,int y)

{

this.x=x;

this.y=y;

}

public Point2D getCopyofMe()

{

return new Point2D(x,y);

}

}

public class Point3D extends Point2D{

protected int z;

public Point3D(int x,int y,int z){

super(x,y);

this.z=z;

//返回不同类型的返回值

public Point3D getCopyOfMe(){

return new Point3D(x,y,z);

}

}

}

OBJECT 是所有类的父类

public class SimpleCollectionDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

SimpleCollection simpleCollection = new SimpleCollection();

simpleCollection.add(new Foo1("一号 Foo1"));

simpleCollection.add(new Foo2("一号 Foo2"));

Foo<chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue="1" unitname="F"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1 f</span></chmetcnv>1 = (Foo1) simpleCollection.get(0);

f1.showName();

Foo<chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue="2" unitname="F"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2 f</span></chmetcnv>2 = (Foo2) simpleCollection.get(1);

f2.showName();

}

}

public class SimpleCollection {

private Object[] objArr;

private int index = 0;

public SimpleCollection() {

// 预设10个对象空间

objArr = new Object[10];

}

public SimpleCollection(int capacity) {

objArr = new Object[capacity];

}

public void add(Object o) {

objArr[index] = o;

index++;

}

public int getLength() {

return index;

}

public Object get(int i) {

return objArr[i];

}

}

public class Foo1 {

private String name;

public Foo1(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public void showName() {

System.out.println("foo1 嘿" + name);

}

}

public class Foo2 {

private String name;

public Foo2(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public void showName() {

System.out.println("foo2 嘿" + name);

}

}

运行结果

foo1 嘿一号 Foo1

foo2 嘿一号 Foo2

object 中的一些方法

toString()、equals() 和hashCode()方法

public class ToStringDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();//StringBuilder一个连接两个字符串的类"+"类似

for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

builder.append(i);

System.out.println(builder.toString());//toString对对象的String描述,他返回sting实例

}

}

equals()比较对象的内存地址是否相同。

clone()如何复制对象本身的方法。

public class Point implements Cloneable {//定义Point类，这个类可以复制自己

private int x;

private int y;

public Point() {}

public Point(int x, int y) {

this.x = x;

this.y = y;

}

public void setX(int x) { this.x = x; }

public void setY(int y) { this.y = y; }

public int getX() { return x; }

public int getY() { return y; }

//这个类可以复制自己

public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {

// 呼叫父类的clone()来进行复制

return super.clone();

}

}

public class Table implements Cloneable {// 要操作Cloneable

private Point center;

public void setCenter(Point center) {//定义了Point为Table类的数据成员之一

this.center = center;

}

public Point getCenter() {

return center;

}

public Object clone ()

throws CloneNotSupportedException {

// 呼叫父类的clone()来复制

Table table = (Table) super.clone();

if(this.center != null) {

// 复制Point类型的数据成员

table.center = (Point) center.clone();

}

return table;

}

}

public class CloneDemo {

public static void main(String[] args)

throws CloneNotSupportedException {

Table table = new Table();

table.setCenter(new Point(2, 3));

Point originalCenter = table.getCenter();

Table clonedTable = (Table) table.clone();

Point clonedCenter = clonedTable.getCenter();

System.out.printf("原来的Table中心：(%d, %d)\n",

originalCenter.getX(), originalCenter.getY());

System.out.printf("复制的Table中心：(%d, %d)\n",

clonedCenter.getX(), clonedCenter.getY());

clonedCenter.setX(10);

clonedCenter.setY(10);

// 改变复制品的内容，对原来的对象不会有影响

System.out.printf("原来的Table中心：(%d, %d)\n",

originalCenter.getX(), originalCenter.getY());

System.out.printf("复制的Table中心：(%d, %d)\n",

clonedCenter.getX(), clonedCenter.getY());

}

}

final 关键字

final声明变量，变量的值不能在变（相当于常量）

final定义方法时，则表示该方法成员再也无法被子类重写（override）

如果是在类上加上final关键字的话，类终止扩展，这个类不能被其他类继承。

多态