二叉树递归分形，牛顿分形图案

1. 牛顿分形(Newton Fractal)
在复数域上使用牛顿迭代生成分形图像，函数公式F(z) = z^3 – 1在复数域上面有
三个根，一个是1，另外两个分别是复数-0.5+0.87i 与 -0.5 – 0.87i根据计算出来根
的值不同转换为RGB三种不同的颜色，根据迭代次数的多少设置颜色值的大小，

即颜色强度。

2. 曼德布罗特集合分形(Mandelbort Set Fractal)使用复数函数公式F(z) = z^2 + c其中

c是一个复数

3. 递归分形树 (recursion tree)– 类似二叉树的递归生成树干，同时不断的缩小树干长
度，根据递归次数不同与角度不同可以得到不同的递归分形树，注意Java最大栈
深度是64，过度的归次数可能导致java栈溢出错误。递归次数建议不要超过32.

根据角度不同，可以生成不同的二叉递归树。

牛顿迭代与曼德尔波特分形算法需要复数范围内的加减乘除计算，请先google一下

然后就知道啦。本人实现的复数计算的类如下：

package com.gloomyfish.fractal;

public class Complex
{
  private float real;
  private float imaginary;

  public Complex(float paramFloat1, float paramFloat2)
  {
    this.real = paramFloat1;
    this.imaginary = paramFloat2;
  }

  public float real()
  {
    return this.real;
  }

  public float imaginary()
  {
    return this.imaginary;
  }

  public float modulus()
  {
    return (float)Math.sqrt(this.real * this.real + this.imaginary * this.imaginary);
  }

  public boolean equal(Complex paramComplex)
  {
    return ((this.real == paramComplex.real()) && (this.imaginary == paramComplex.imaginary()));
  }

  public Complex add(Complex paramComplex)
  {
    return new Complex(this.real + paramComplex.real(), this.imaginary + paramComplex.imaginary());
  }

  public Complex subtract(Complex paramComplex)
  {
    return new Complex(this.real - paramComplex.real(), this.imaginary - paramComplex.imaginary());
  }

  public Complex multiply(Complex paramComplex)
  {
    return new Complex(this.real * paramComplex.real() - (this.imaginary * paramComplex.imaginary()), this.real * paramComplex.imaginary() + this.imaginary * paramComplex.real());
  }

  public Complex divide(Complex paramComplex)
  {
    float f1 = paramComplex.real() * paramComplex.real() + paramComplex.imaginary() * paramComplex.imaginary();
    float f2 = (this.real * paramComplex.real() + this.imaginary * paramComplex.imaginary()) / f1;
    float f3 = (this.imaginary * paramComplex.real() - (this.real * paramComplex.imaginary())) / f1;

    return new Complex(f2, f3);
  }

  public String toString()
  {
    String str = (this.imaginary >= 0.0F) ? "+" : "-";
    return this.real + str + Math.abs(this.imaginary) + "i";
  }
}

牛顿分形的算法代码如下：

package com.gloomyfish.fractal;

public class NewtonFractal extends Fractal {
	private static final Complex ONE = new Complex(1.0F, 0.0F);
	private static final Complex THREE = new Complex(3.0F, 0.0F);
	public NewtonFractal(int widthImage, int heightImage) {
		super(widthImage, heightImage);
		
		// default start point and end point
		// primary group, 
		this.x1 = -1.0f;
		this.y1 = -1.0f;
		this.x2 = 1.0f;
		this.y2 = 1.0f;
		
		// second group
		//	this.x1 = -3.0f;
		//	this.y1 = -1.76f;
		//	this.x2 = 3.0f;
		//	this.y2 = 1.76f;
		// end comment
		
	}

	@Override
	public void BuildFractal() {
		int[] inPixels = new int[getWidth()*getHeight()];
        getRGB(fractalImage, 0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight(), inPixels );
        int index = 0;
        float xDelta = ((x2 - x1) / (float)width);
        float yDelta = ((y2 - y1) / (float)height);
        for(int row=0; row<height; row++) {
        	int ta = 0, tr = 0, tg = 0, tb = 0;
        	for(int col=0; col<width; col++) {
        		Complex localComplex2;
                float f1 = this.x1 + col * xDelta;
                float f2 = this.y2 - (row * yDelta);
                Complex localComplex1 = new Complex(f1, f2);

                int k = 0;
                do {
                  Complex localComplex3 = localComplex1.multiply(localComplex1);
                  Complex localComplex4 = localComplex3.multiply(localComplex1);

                  localComplex2 = localComplex1;
                  localComplex1 = localComplex1.subtract(localComplex4.subtract(ONE).divide(THREE.multiply(localComplex3)));
                }

                while ((++k < MAX_ITERS) && (!(localComplex1.equal(localComplex2))));

                int l = 20 * k % 10; // keep value scope between 0 and 255

                // if root is 1 then
                if (localComplex1.real() > 0.0F)
                {
                	tr = tg = l;
                	tb = 255;
                }
                
                // if root is second complex = -0.5+0.87i
                else if (localComplex1.imaginary() > 0.0F)
                {
                	tr = tb = l;
                	tg = 255;
                }
                else
                {
                  tr = 255;
                  tg = tb = l;
                }
        		
        		index = row * width + col;
        		ta = 255;
        		inPixels[index] = (ta << 24) | (tr << 16) | (tg << 8) | tb;
        	}
        }
        setRGB(fractalImage, 0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight(), inPixels);
	}

}

曼德尔波特分形算法如下：

package com.gloomyfish.fractal;

public class MandelbrotSetFractal extends Fractal {
	private float delta = 0.01f;
	public MandelbrotSetFractal(int widthImage, int heightImage) {
		super(widthImage, heightImage);
	    this.delta = 0.01F;
	    this.x1 = (-(this.width / 2) * this.delta);
	    this.y1 = (-(this.height / 2) * this.delta);
	    this.x2 = (-this.x1);
	    this.y2 = (-this.y1);
	}

	@Override
	public void BuildFractal() {
		int[] inPixels = new int[getWidth()*getHeight()];
        getRGB(fractalImage, 0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight(), inPixels );
        int index = 0;
        for(int row=0; row<height; row++) {
        	int ta = 0, tr = 0, tg = 0, tb = 0;
        	float f1 = y2 - (row * delta);
        	for(int col=0; col<width; col++) {
        		float f5;
                int i1;
                float f2 = x1 + col * delta;
                Complex localComplex1 = new Complex(f2, f1);
                Complex localComplex2 = new Complex(0.0F, 0.0F);

                int k = 0;
                int l = 0;
                do
                {
                  localComplex2 = localComplex2.multiply(localComplex2).add(localComplex1);
                  f5 = localComplex2.modulus();
                  k = (f5 > 2.0F) ? 1 : 0; }
                while ((++l < 32) && (k == 0));

                index = row * width + col;
                if (k != 0) {
                  i1 = 255 - (255 * l / 32);
                  i1 = Math.min(i1, 240);
                  tr = tg = tb = i1;
                }
                else
                {
                  i1 = (int)(100.0F * f5) / 2 + 1;

                  int i2 = 101 * i1 & 0xFF;
                  int i3 = 149 * i1 & 0xFF;
                  int i4 = 199 * i1 & 0xFF;
                  tr = i2;
                  tg = i3;
                  tb = i4;
                }
        		
        		ta = 255;
        		inPixels[index] = (ta << 24) | (tr << 16) | (tg << 8) | tb;
        	}
        }
        setRGB(fractalImage, 0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight(), inPixels);
	}

}

递归分形树代码如下：

package com.gloomyfish.fractal;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.FontFormatException;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Date;

import javax.swing.JComponent;
import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class FractalTree extends JComponent {
	
	/**
	 * 
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 8812325148970066491L;

	private int maxRecursions = 8; //never make this too big or it'll take forever
	private double angle = 0.2 * Math.PI; //angle in radians
	private double shrink = 1.8; //relative size of new branches
	public FractalTree() {
		super();
	}
	protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
		Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
		g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
		g2.setPaint(Color.WHITE);
		g2.fillRect(0, 0, 400, 400);
		renderTree(g2);
		g2.setPaint(Color.RED);
		try {
			g2.setFont(loadFont());
		} catch (FontFormatException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		g2.drawString("Created by Gloomyfish " + new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()), 10, 320);
	}
	
	/**
	 * create fractal tree using recursion
	 * @param Graphics2D g2
	 */
	private void renderTree(Graphics2D g2) {
		g2.setPaint(new Color(128, 96, 64));
		recursion(400.0d / 2.0d, 400.0d -1.0d, 0.0d, -1.0d, 400.0d / 2.3d, 0, g2);
	}
	
	// http://www.cg.info.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/~miyazaki/knowledge/teche31.html
	void recursion(double posX, double posY, double dirX, double dirY, double size, int n, Graphics2D g2)
	{
	    int x1, x2, y1, y2;
	    x1 = (int)posX;
	    y1 = (int)posY;
	    x2 = (int)(posX + size * dirX);
	    y2 = (int)(posY + size * dirY);
	    g2.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);

	    if(n >= maxRecursions) return;
	    double posX2, posY2, dirX2, dirY2, size2;
	    int n2;
	    
	    // calculate the new start point coordinate
	    posX2 = posX + size * dirX;
	    posY2 = posY + size * dirY;
	    size2 = size / shrink; // make different length of line.
	    n2 = n + 1;
	    
	    // rotate angle and get the new directX, directY
	    // http://www.jimloy.com/geometry/trigz.htm
	    // sin(theta + angle) = sin(theta) * cos(angle) + cos(theta) * sin(angle)
	    // cos(theta + angle) = -sin(angle) * sin(theta) + cos(theta) * cos(angle)
	    dirX2 = Math.cos(angle) * dirX + Math.sin(angle) * dirY;
	    dirY2 = -Math.sin(angle) * dirX + Math.cos(angle) * dirY;
	    recursion(posX2, posY2, dirX2, dirY2, size2, n2, g2);
	    
	    dirX2 = Math.cos(-angle) * dirX + Math.sin(-angle) * dirY;
	    dirY2 = -Math.sin(-angle) * dirX + Math.cos(-angle) * dirY;
	    recursion(posX2, posY2, dirX2, dirY2, size2, n2, g2);
	}
	
	/**
	 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
	 * http://www.urbanfonts.com/fonts/sans-serif-fonts.htm
	 * @return
	 * @throws FontFormatException
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public Font loadFont() throws FontFormatException, IOException{
	    String fontFileName = "AMERSN.ttf";
	    InputStream is = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream(fontFileName);
	    Font actionJson = Font.createFont(Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, is);
	    Font actionJsonBase = actionJson.deriveFont(Font.BOLD, 12);
	    return actionJsonBase;
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		JFrame frame = new JFrame("Fractal Tree UI - GloomyFish");
		frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
		frame.getContentPane().setLayout(new BorderLayout());
		
		// Display the window.
		frame.getContentPane().add(new FractalTree(), BorderLayout.CENTER);
		frame.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(450,400));
		frame.pack();
		frame.setVisible(true);
	}
}