单例与序列化剖析：解决的三种方法

false
com.webex.refactor.SingleModule@1a758cb
com.webex.refactor.SingleModule@10b30a7

可见单例在反序列化中不能保持单例。

正常情况下：

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;

class SingleModule implements Serializable {

private static final long serialVersionUID = -6320624173133283454L;

public static SingleModule getInstance() {
return new SingleModule();
}

private SingleModule() {

}

}

public class SerializeTool {

private static byte[] objectStore;
private final static SingleModule originSingle;
private static SingleModule newSingle;

static {
originSingle = SingleModule.getInstance();
}

private static void verifyResult() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println(newSingle == originSingle);
System.out.println(newSingle);
System.out.println(originSingle);

}

private static void deserializeUtil() {
ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(
objectStore);
ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = null;

try {
objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream);
Object readObject = objectInputStream.readObject();
newSingle = (SingleModule) readObject;

} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
closeStream(objectInputStream);
closeStream(byteArrayInputStream);
}
}

private static void serializeUtil(SingleModule singleModule) {
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = null;

try {
objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
objectOutputStream.writeObject(singleModule);
objectStore = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
closeStream(objectOutputStream);
closeStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
}
}

private static void closeStream(Closeable Stream) {
if (Stream != null) {
try {
Stream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
serializeUtil(originSingle);
deserializeUtil();
verifyResult();
}

}

解决方法有3种：

（1）将单例作为成员存在，反序列化对象再读成员变量

（2）定制readResolve(), 带有对象引用类型的所有实例域都必须声明transient，主要出于安全考虑。如果应用在final类中用，应设置为private,如果是类为非final,且其子类没有覆盖readResolve()那么会产生一个超类实例，可能以后导致ClassCastException;

public class Singleton implements java.io.Serializable {<wbr><wbr><wbr><br><wbr><wbr> public static Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();<wbr><wbr><wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><br><wbr><wbr> protected Singleton() {<wbr><wbr><wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> // Exists only to thwart instantiation.<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr>}<wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><br><wbr><wbr> private Object readResolve() {<wbr><wbr><wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> return INSTANCE;<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr>}<wbr><wbr><wbr><br> }<wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

(3)定义成单元素枚举：

public enum Elvis{

INSTANCE

}

方法三是最好的方式。支持序列化，<wbr></wbr>