1. 通过 deb 包安装
安装 .deb 包: sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb
反安装 .deb 包: sudo dpkg -r package_name
2. 通过 apt-get 安装
安装 sudo apt-get install package_name
反安装 sudo apt-get remove package_name
3. PHPMyAdmin 导入超过2M 的文件
当用它来导入超过 2MB 的数据库文件时,往往会因为受 PHP.ini 上传文件大小的限制而无法导入,解决方法:在 phpMyAdmin 目录下新建一个目录,如: uploadfiles ,再编辑phpMyAdmin 目录下 libraries\ config.default.php 文件,查找 $cfg['UploadDir'] ,将其值写为新建目录的名称。如下所示:程序代码 $cfg['UploadDir'] = 'uploadfiles'; 将要导入到数据库的文件上传到刚才新建的 uploadfiles 文件夹中,登录 phpMyAdmin ,选择你的数据库,在右侧窗口中点击“ import ( 导入 ) ” ,这时你会发现导入界面中多了一个“网站服务器上载目录”选项,点击下拉箭头,列表里会有刚才上传的文件名称列表。选中文件,点击右下角的“执行”按钮,等待一段时间 ( 等待的时间与导入文件体积成正比 ) 即可完成“超重”文件的导入。
4. Ubuntu 常用小技巧
UBUNTU 安装完之后,默认把 WIN 的磁盘全部挂接上去了,这时候桌面是全部是磁盘图标,如何在 UBUNTU 下掉桌面的磁盘图标,其实很简单的:
1>. 就是在终端输入: gconf-editor
2>. 依次展开: apps -> nautilus -> desktop
3>. 然后如果想在桌面显示下面的图标请分别勾选这几个键值:
* computer_icon_visible ( 计算机图标 )
* home_icon_visible ( 主文件夹图标 )
* trash_icon_visible ( 回收站图标 )
* vomules_visible ( 自动挂载的磁盘 )
5. 右键添加终端
sudo apt-get install nautilus-open -terminal
janwer@janwer-desktop:~$ sudo apt-get install apache2 libapache2-mod-jk
直接用 apt-get 安装就可以了,这样比较方便,因为我主要用于开发测试,不作服务器用途,不需要用麻烦的编译安装方法所以偷了一下懒。从官网上下载 Tomcat5.5 解压到 /opt/tomcat-5.5 目录下。
安装完毕后为了整合 apache 和 tomcat ,需要做一些配置:
1>. 在 tomcat 目录的 conf 文件夹下创建 jk.properties 文件,在里面加入
handler.list=channelSocket,request
channelSocket.port=8009
2>. 修改 httpd.conf 文件
sudo cp /usr/share/doc/libapache2-mod-jk/httpd_example_apache2.conf /etc/apache2/
然后将 /etc/apache2/httpd_example_apache2.conf 里的内容复制到
/etc/apache2/httpd.conf 目录下 , 最后修改内容如下:
ServerName 192.168.123.168
JkAutoAlias /opt/tomcat5.5/webapps
#DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var index.htm index.jsp index.php
# for all commands/options available see the manual
# provided in libapache-mod-jk-doc package.
# The location where mod_jk will find the workers definitions
JkWorkersFile /etc/libapache2-mod-jk/workers.properties
# The location where mod_jk is going to place its log file
JkLogFile /var/log/apache2/mod_jk.log
# The log level:
# - info log will contain standard mod_jk activity (default).
# - warn log will contain non fatal error reports.
# - error log will contain also error reports.
# - debug log will contain all information on mod_jk activity
# - trace log will contain all tracing information on mod_jk activity
JkLogLevel info
# Assign specific URLs to Tomcat. In general the structure of a
# JkMount directive is: JkMount [URL prefix] [Worker name]
# send all requests ending in .jsp to ajp13_worker
JkMount /*.jsp ajp13_worker
# send all requests ending /*.do to ajp13_worker
JkMount /*.do ajp13_worker
3>. 修改 workers.properties
sudo vi /etc/libapache2-mod-jk/workers.properties
最后修改后的内容如下:
# workers.tomcat_home should point to the location where you
# installed tomcat. This is where you have your conf, webapps and lib
# directories.
# 我的 tomcat 目录
workers.tomcat_home=/opt/tomcat5.5
#
# workers.java_home should point to your Java installation. Normally
# you should have a bin and lib directories beneath it.
# 我的 JDK 安装目录
workers.java_home=/usr/local/jdk1.5.0_15
4>. 中文乱码问题
sudo vi /opt/tomcat5.5/conf/server.xml
我采用的都是 UTF-8 编码的,在 tomcat 中的设置如下(其它编码类似):
<Connector port="8080" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100" connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" useBodyEncodingForURI="true" />
<!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
<Connector port="8009" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" protocol="AJP/1.3" useBodyEncodingForURI="true" />
sudo vi /etc/apache2/conf.d/charset
# Read the documentation before enabling AddDefaultCharset.
# In general, it is only a good idea if you know that all your files
# have this encoding. It will override any encoding given in the files
# in meta http-equiv or xml encoding tags.
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
文件权限参考:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions