断言的实现方法

本文给出断言的两种实现方法，非原创，出处参考他处。

1. 利用结构体或数组的大小非负特性

/* Force a compilation error if condition is false, but also produce a result
 * (of value 0 and type size_t), so it can be used e.g. in a structure
 * initializer (or wherever else comma expressions aren't permitted). */
/* Linux calls these BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO/_NULL, which is rather misleading. */
#define STATIC_ZERO_ASSERT(condition) (sizeof(struct { int:-!(condition); })    )
#define STATIC_NULL_ASSERT(condition) ((void *)STATIC_ZERO_ASSERT(condition)    )
 
/* Force a compilation error if condition is false */
#define STATIC_ASSERT(condition) ((void)STATIC_ZERO_ASSERT(condition))

在上面#define中，struct {int:-!(condition);}，当断言的条件为假时，!(condition)为真（>0），-!(condition)<0，因为结构体的位域大小不可能为负值，则在编译时会出错。

比如，我们要保证一个数k<65535，则

STATIC_ASSERT(k < 65535)

参考：http://blog.jobbole.com/16035/

2. 调用断言处理函数的方法

将下面的代码放到某个全局头文件中，其中声明了assert_failed函数，

/**
 * @brief  The assert_param macro is used for function's parameters check.
 * @param  expr: If expr is false, it calls assert_failed function
 *   which reports the name of the source file and the source
 *   line number of the call that failed. 
 *   If expr is true, it returns no value.
 * @retval None
 */
  #define assert_param(expr) ((expr) ? (void)0 : assert_failed((uint8_t *)__FILE__, __LINE__))
  extern void assert_failed(uint8_t* file, uint32_t line);

在.c文件中提供assert_failed的实现

/**
 * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
 *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
 * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
 * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
 * @retval None
 */
void assert_failed(uint8_t* file, uint32_t line)
{
    /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
       ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
	printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s \
	        on line %d\r\n", file, line);

    /* Infinite loop */
    while (1)
    {}
}

使用也非常简单，在assert_failed的while(1)死循环处设置断点，

代码中使用

assert_param(k < 65535);

当断言出错，则程序将停在死循环处，并在stdout打印出出错的文件及行数。

参考：TI的STM32F103库函数