struts2中的拦截器(转)

一.理解拦截器

1. 拦截器是在防问某个方法，字段之前或之后实施拦截，并且拦截器是可插拔的，拦截器是ＡＯＰ的一种实现．

2. 拦截器栈（Interceptor Stack）。拦截器栈就是将拦截器按一定的顺序联结成一条链。在访问被拦截的方法或字段时， 拦截器链中的拦截器就会按其之前定义的顺序被调用。

二.实现原理
Struts2拦截器的实现原理相对简单，当请求struts2的action时，Struts 2会查找配置文件，并根据其配置实例化相对的 拦截器对象，然后串成一个列表，最后一个一个地调用列表中的拦截器

三.拦截器的配置
1. 普通的拦截器

Xml代码

1.<package name="default" extends="struts-default"><BR>  
2.  
3.  
4.   <interceptors><BR>  
5.  
6.  
7.       <interceptor name="拦截器名1" class="拦截器实现类"/><BR>  
8.  
9.  
10.       <interceptor name="拦截器名2" class="拦截器实现类"/><BR>  
11.  
12.  
13.   </interceptors><BR>  
14.  
15.  
16.<action name="login"　class="com.Logon"><BR>  
17.  
18.  
19.　　<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/><BR>  
20.  
21.  
22.        <interceptor-ref name="拦截器名1"/><BR>  
23.  
24.  
25.        <interceptor-ref name="拦截器名2"/><BR>  
26.  
27.  
28.         <result name="input">logon.jsp</result><BR>  
29.  
30.  
31.         <result name="success">/index.jsp</result><BR>  
32.  
33.  
34.   </action><BR>  
35.  
36.  
37.</package>  
<package name="default" extends="struts-default">


   <interceptors>


       <interceptor name="拦截器名1" class="拦截器实现类"/>


       <interceptor name="拦截器名2" class="拦截器实现类"/>


   </interceptors>


<action name="login"　class="com.Logon">


　　<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>


        <interceptor-ref name="拦截器名1"/>


        <interceptor-ref name="拦截器名2"/>


         <result name="input">logon.jsp</result>


         <result name="success">/index.jsp</result>


   </action>


</package> 

2. 拦截器栈

Xml代码

1.<package name="default" extends="struts-default"><BR>  
2.  
3.  
4.   <interceptors><BR>  
5.  
6.  
7.        <interceptor name="拦截器名1" class="拦截器实现类"/><BR>  
8.  
9.  
10.        <interceptor name="拦截器名2" class="拦截器实现类"/><BR>  
11.  
12.  
13.        <interceptor-stack name="myStack"><BR>  
14.  
15.  
16.           <interceptor-ref name="拦截器名1"/><BR>  
17.  
18.  
19.           <interceptor-ref name="拦截器名2"/><BR>  
20.  
21.  
22.        </interceptor-stack><BR>  
23.  
24.  
25.    </interceptors><BR>  
26.  
27.  
28.    <action name="login" class="com.Logon"><BR>  
29.  
30.  
31.　　　　　<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/><BR>  
32.  
33.  
34.         <interceptor-ref name="myStack"/><BR>  
35.  
36.  
37.         <result name="input">login.jsp</result><BR>  
38.  
39.  
40.         <resultnameresultname="success" >/index.jsp</result><BR>  
41.  
42.  
43.</action><BR>  
44.  
45.  
46.</package><BR>  

<package name="default" extends="struts-default">


   <interceptors>


        <interceptor name="拦截器名1" class="拦截器实现类"/>


        <interceptor name="拦截器名2" class="拦截器实现类"/>


        <interceptor-stack name="myStack">


           <interceptor-ref name="拦截器名1"/>


           <interceptor-ref name="拦截器名2"/>


        </interceptor-stack>


    </interceptors>


    <action name="login" class="com.Logon">


　　　　　<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>


         <interceptor-ref name="myStack"/>


         <result name="input">login.jsp</result>


         <resultname="success" >/index.jsp</result>


</action>


</package>

需要注意的是，如果为Action指定了一个拦截器，则系统默认的拦截器栈将会失去作用。为了继续使用默认拦截器，所以上面配置文件中手动引入了默认拦截器



四.自定义拦截器
1.直接或间接实现接口com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor。
2.或者继承类com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor
3.通过<interceptor>元素来定义拦截器
4.通过<interceptor-ref>元素来使用拦截器

五.使用拦截器实现权限控制
1.功能
使用自定义拦截器来完成用户权限的控制，当执行操作时，判断用户是否己经登陆，如果没有登陆跳转到登陆页面

2.拦截器类

Java代码

1.package com.interceptor;   
2.<BR>   
3.<BR>import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;   
4.<BR>import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;   
5.<BR>import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;   
6.<BR>import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;   
7.<BR>   
8.<BR>public class AuthorizationInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor {   
9.<BR>   
10.<BR>    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;   
11.<BR>   
12.<BR>    @Override  
13.<BR>    public String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception {   
14.<BR>           
15.<BR>        ActionContext actionContext = actionInvocation.getInvocationContext();   
16.<BR>           
17.<BR>        Object user = actionContext.get("user");   
18.<BR>           
19.<BR>        if(user != null){   
20.<BR>            return actionInvocation.invoke();   
21.<BR>        } else{   
22.<BR>            actionInvocation.getInvocationContext().put("nav_title", "你还没有登陆,请先登陆");   
23.<BR>            return Action.LOGIN;   
24.<BR>        }   
25.<BR>    }   
26.<BR>   
27.<BR>}   
28.<BR>  
package com.interceptor;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;

public class AuthorizationInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	@Override
	public String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception {

		ActionContext actionContext = actionInvocation.getInvocationContext();

		Object user = actionContext.get("user");

		if(user != null){
			return actionInvocation.invoke();
		} else{
			actionInvocation.getInvocationContext().put("nav_title", "你还没有登陆,请先登陆");
			return Action.LOGIN;
		}
	}

}

2.配置

Xml代码

 
1.<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><BR>  
2.  
3.  
4.<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC<BR>  
5.  
6.  
7.    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"<BR>  
8.  
9.  
10.    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"><BR>  
11.  
12.<struts>  <BR>  
13.   <package name="user" extends="struts-default">  
14.  
15.        <interceptors>  
16.            <!-- 定义拦截器  -->  
17.            <interceptor name="authority" class="com.interceptor.AuthorizationInterceptor"></interceptor>  
18.        </interceptors><BR>  
19.  
20.        <action name="user" class="com.UserAction"><BR>  
21.            <!-- 使用拦截器 -->  
22.            <interceptor-ref name="authority"/>  
23.            <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>  
24.            <result name="succee">/logon/welcome.jsp</result><BR>  
25.            <result name="login">/logon/logon.jsp</result>  
26.        </action>  
27.    </package>  
28.</struts><BR>  
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>


<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC


    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"


    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>	
   <package name="user" extends="struts-default">

    	<interceptors>
    		<!-- 定义拦截器  -->
    		<interceptor name="authority" class="com.interceptor.AuthorizationInterceptor"></interceptor>
    	</interceptors>

        <action name="user" class="com.UserAction">
        	<!-- 使用拦截器 -->
        	<interceptor-ref name="authority"/>
        	<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
            <result name="succee">/logon/welcome.jsp</result>
            <result name="login">/logon/logon.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>
</struts>

访问http://localhost:8080/struts2-interceptor/user.action时，会判断用户是否登陆


六.方法拦截器
1.Struts2提供MethodFilterInterceptor类，该类是AbstractInerceptor的子类，可以实现对Action方法的拦截.
2. MethodFilterInterceptor中有两个方法
　 setExcludeMethods:排除需要过滤的方法
setIncludeMethods:设置需要过滤的方法
如果一个方法同时在excludeMethods和includeMethods中出现,则会被拦截

3.实现

拦截器

Java代码
1.

package com.interceptor;   
2.<BR>   
3.<BR>import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;   
4.<BR>import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor;   
5.<BR>   
6.<BR>public class LogInterceptor extends MethodFilterInterceptor {   
7.<BR>   
8.<BR>    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;   
9.<BR>   
10.<BR>    private String name;   
11.<BR>       
12.<BR>    @Override  
13.<BR>    protected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception {   
14.<BR>       
15.<BR>        System.out.println("拦截器名称:" + name);   
16.<BR>        System.out.println("action:" + actionInvocation.getAction());   
17.<BR>           
18.<BR>        return actionInvocation.invoke();   
19.<BR>    }   
20.<BR>   
21.<BR>    public String getName() {   
22.<BR>        return name;   
23.<BR>    }   
24.<BR>   
25.<BR>    public void setName(String name) {   
26.<BR>        this.name = name;   
27.<BR>    }   
28.<BR>}   
29.<BR>  
package com.interceptor;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor;

public class LogInterceptor extends MethodFilterInterceptor {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	private String name;

	@Override
	protected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception {

		System.out.println("拦截器名称:" + name);
		System.out.println("action:" + actionInvocation.getAction());

		return actionInvocation.invoke();
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
}


 action

Java代码 
1.package com;<BR><BR>   
2.public class ManageAction {<BR><BR>   
3.    public String execute(){   
4.        System.out.println("execute....");<BR>   
5.        return "succee";   
6.    }<BR>   
7.  
8.    public String search(){<BR>   
9.        System.out.println("search....");   
10.        return "succee";   
11.    }   
12.    public String add(){   
13.        System.out.println("add....");   
14.        return "succee";   
15.    }   
16.}<BR>  
package com;
public class ManageAction {
	public String execute(){
		System.out.println("execute....");
		return "succee";
	}

	public String search(){
		System.out.println("search....");
		return "succee";
	}
	public String add(){
		System.out.println("add....");
		return "succee";
	}
}

struts.xml配置

Xml代码
1.<action name="manage" class="com.ManageAction"><BR>
2. <interceptor-ref name="log"><BR>
3. <param name="name">日志拦截</param><BR>
4. <!-- 设置需要拦截的方法,指定多个方法以逗号隔开 -->
5.
6. <param name="includeMethods">execute,add</param><BR>
7. <!-- 设置不需要拦截的方法,execute在includeMethods中同时存在，execute会被拦截 --><BR>
8. <param name="excludeMethods">search,execute</param>
9. </interceptor-ref><BR>
10. <result name="succee">/welcome.jsp</result>
11. </action>
<action name="manage" class="com.ManageAction">
<interceptor-ref name="log">
<param name="name">日志拦截</param>
<!-- 设置需要拦截的方法,指定多个方法以逗号隔开 -->

<param name="includeMethods">execute,add</param>
<!-- 设置不需要拦截的方法,execute在includeMethods中同时存在，execute会被拦截 -->
<param name="excludeMethods">search,execute</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<result name="succee">/welcome.jsp</result>
</action>



打开浏览器访问　http://localhost:8080/struts2-interceptor/manage.action


会报执行execute方法，会执行拦截器
拦截器名称:日志拦截
action:com.ManageAction@1a0ae6d
execute....

当访问 http://localhost:8080/struts2-interceptor/manage!search.action
执行search方法，不会执行拦截器