您希望您的程式中具有复原机制,如果您直接在物件中建立复原机制,这会使得物件本身的职责加重,并且使得物件的重用性降低。
与其在物件内建立复原机制,不如将复原机制从物件中脱离出来,这个时候您可以使用Memento模式来达成这个功能。
Memento模式在Originator中保留一个Memento成员,这个Memento可以包括Originator的成员资讯,在外部的话, Memento可以由一个Caretaker维护,每对Originator作一个动作,Caretaker就保留Originator动作前的成员状态,如果以后要复原物件状态,只要从Caretaker取回Memento物件,对Originator进行状态复原。
Caretaker是用来保留原发者所创造的备忘录物件,以供日后复原时取回,state表示一个内部状态,内部状态多时,也可以将之组织为一个类别,Caretaker维护的Memento可以是多个,用来实现Redo与Undo多次的功能。
下面提供一个简单的实作,看看如何实现Memento模式:
- Originator.java
public class Originator { private String name; private String phone; public Originator(String name, String phone) { this.name = name; this.phone = phone; } // Some operations make state changed public void someOperation() { name = "noboby"; phone = "911-911"; } // recover object's state public void setMemento(Memento m) { this.name = m.getName(); this.phone = m.getPhone(); } public Memento createMemento() { return new Memento(name, phone); } public void showInfo() { System.out.println("Name: " + name + "\nPhone: " + phone + "\n"); } }
- Memento.java
public class Memento { private String name; private String phone; public Memento(String name, String phone) { this.name = name; this.phone = phone; } public String getName() { return name; } public String getPhone() { return phone; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setPhone(String phone) { this.phone = phone; } }
- Caretaker.java
public class Caretaker { private Memento memento; public void setMemento(Memento memento) { this.memento = memento; } public Memento getMemento() { return memento; } }\
- Main.java
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Originator originator = new Originator("Justin", "888-8888"); Caretaker caretaker = new Caretaker(); // save object's memento caretaker.setMemento(originator.createMemento()); originator.showInfo(); // some operations make the object's state changed originator.someOperation(); originator.showInfo(); // use memento to recover object's state originator.setMemento(caretaker.getMemento()); originator.showInfo(); } }
可以结合 Command 模式 来实作Redo/Undo的功能,将操作前后的物件状态记录下来,并记录所使用的命令,当要实现Undo/Redo时,只要取回Memento物件以复原物件状态即可。