Web.xml的配置

hi.baidu.com/tonythegod/item/1118a4d273ad7beb3cc2cbe4


Web.xml常用元素
<web-app>
<display-name></display-name>定义了WEB应用的名字
<description></description> 声明WEB应用的描述信息

<context-param></context-param> context-param元素声明应用范围内的初始化参数。
<filter></filter> 过滤器元素将一个名字与一个实现javax.servlet.Filter接口的类相关联。
<filter-mapping></filter-mapping> 一旦命名了一个过滤器，就要利用filter-mapping元素把它与一个或多个servlet或JSP页面相关联。
<listener></listener>servlet API的版本2.3增加了对事件监听程序的支持，事件监听程序在建立、修改和删除会话或servlet环境时得到通知。
Listener元素指出事件监听程序类。
<servlet></servlet> 在向servlet或JSP页面制定初始化参数或定制URL时，必须首先命名servlet或JSP页面。Servlet元素就是用来完成此项任务的。
<servlet-mapping></servlet-mapping> 服务器一般为servlet提供一个缺省的URL：http://host/webAppPrefix/servlet/ServletName。
但是，常常会更改这个URL，以便servlet可以访问初始化参数或更容易地处理相对URL。在更改缺省URL时，使用servlet-mapping元素。

<session-config></session-config> 如果某个会话在一定时间内未被访问，服务器可以抛弃它以节省内存。
可通过使用HttpSession的setMaxInactiveInterval方法明确设置单个会话对象的超时值，或者可利用session-config元素制定缺省超时值。

<mime-mapping></mime-mapping>如果Web应用具有想到特殊的文件，希望能保证给他们分配特定的MIME类型，则mime-mapping元素提供这种保证。
<welcome-file-list></welcome-file-list> 指示服务器在收到引用一个目录名而不是文件名的URL时，使用哪个文件。
<error-page></error-page> 在返回特定HTTP状态代码时，或者特定类型的异常被抛出时，能够制定将要显示的页面。
<taglib></taglib> 对标记库描述符文件（Tag Libraryu Descriptor file）指定别名。此功能使你能够更改TLD文件的位置，
而不用编辑使用这些文件的JSP页面。
<resource-env-ref></resource-env-ref>声明与资源相关的一个管理对象。
<resource-ref></resource-ref> 声明一个资源工厂使用的外部资源。
<security-constraint></security-constraint> 制定应该保护的URL。它与login-config元素联合使用
<login-config></login-config> 指定服务器应该怎样给试图访问受保护页面的用户授权。它与sercurity-constraint元素联合使用。
<security-role></security-role>给出安全角色的一个列表，这些角色将出现在servlet元素内的security-role-ref元素
的role-name子元素中。分别地声明角色可使高级IDE处理安全信息更为容易。
<env-entry></env-entry>声明Web应用的环境项。
<ejb-ref></ejb-ref>声明一个EJB的主目录的引用。
< ejb-local-ref></ ejb-local-ref>声明一个EJB的本地主目录的应用。
</web-app>


相应元素配置

1、Web应用图标：指出IDE和GUI工具用来表示Web应用的大图标和小图标
<icon>
<small-icon>/images/app_small.gif</small-icon>
<large-icon>/images/app_large.gif</large-icon>
</icon>
2、Web 应用名称：提供GUI工具可能会用来标记这个特定的Web应用的一个名称
<display-name>Tomcat Example</display-name>
3、Web 应用描述： 给出于此相关的说明性文本
<disciption>Tomcat Example servlets and JSP pages.</disciption>
4、上下文参数：声明应用范围内的初始化参数。
<context-param>
<param-name>ContextParameter</para-name>
<param-value>test</param-value>
<description>It is a test parameter.</description>
</context-param>
在servlet里面可以通过getServletContext().getInitParameter("context/param")得到

5、过滤器配置：将一个名字与一个实现javaxs.servlet.Filter接口的类相关联。
<filter>
<filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.myTest.setCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>GB2312</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
6、监听器配置
<listener>
<listerner-class>listener.SessionListener</listener-class>
</listener>
7、Servlet配置
基本配置
<servlet>
<servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>SnoopServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/snoop</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
高级配置
<servlet>
<servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>SnoopServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>foo</param-name>
<param-value>bar</param-value>
</init-param>
<run-as>
<description>Security role for anonymous access</description>
<role-name>tomcat</role-name>
</run-as>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/snoop</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
元素说明
<servlet></servlet> 用来声明一个servlet的数据，主要有以下子元素：
<servlet-name></servlet-name> 指定servlet的名称
<servlet-class></servlet-class> 指定servlet的类名称
<jsp-file></jsp-file> 指定web站台中的某个JSP网页的完整路径
<init-param></init-param> 用来定义参数，可有多个init-param。在servlet类中通过getInitParamenter(String name)方法访问初始化参数
<load-on-startup></load-on-startup>指定当Web应用启动时，装载Servlet的次序。
当值为正数或零时：Servlet容器先加载数值小的servlet，再依次加载其他数值大的servlet.
当值为负或未定义：Servlet容器将在Web客户首次访问这个servlet时加载它
<servlet-mapping></servlet-mapping> 用来定义servlet所对应的URL，包含两个子元素
<servlet-name></servlet-name> 指定servlet的名称
<url-pattern></url-pattern> 指定servlet所对应的URL
8、会话超时配置（单位为分钟）
<session-config>
<session-timeout>120</session-timeout>
</session-config>
9、MIME类型配置
<mime-mapping>
<extension>htm</extension>
<mime-type>text/html</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
10、指定欢迎文件页配置
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
11、配置错误页面
一、 通过错误码来配置error-page
<error-page>
<error-code>404</error-code>
<location>/NotFound.jsp</location>
</error-page>
上面配置了当系统发生404错误时，跳转到错误处理页面NotFound.jsp。
二、通过异常的类型配置error-page
<error-page>
<exception-type>java.lang.NullException</exception-type>
<location>/error.jsp</location>
</error-page>
上面配置了当系统发生java.lang.NullException（即空指针异常）时，跳转到错误处理页面error.jsp
12、TLD配置
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/debug-taglib</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/jsp/debug-taglib.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
如果MyEclipse一直在报错,应该把<taglib> 放到 <jsp-config>中
<jsp-config>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/debug-taglib</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/pager-taglib.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
</jsp-config>
13、资源管理对象配置
<resource-env-ref>
<resource-env-ref-name>jms/StockQueue</resource-env-ref-name>
</resource-env-ref>
14、资源工厂配置
<resource-ref>
<res-ref-name>mail/Session</res-ref-name>
<res-type>javax.mail.Session</res-type>
<res-auth>Container</res-auth>
</resource-ref>
配置数据库连接池就可在此配置：
<resource-ref>
<description>JNDI JDBC DataSource of shop</description>
<res-ref-name>jdbc/sample_db</res-ref-name>
<res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
<res-auth>Container</res-auth>
</resource-ref>
15、安全限制配置
<security-constraint>
<display-name>Example Security Constraint</display-name>
<web-resource-collection>
<web-resource-name>Protected Area</web-resource-name>
<url-pattern>/jsp/security/protected/*</url-pattern>
<http-method>DELETE</http-method>
<http-method>GET</http-method>
<http-method>POST</http-method>
<http-method>PUT</http-method>
</web-resource-collection>
<auth-constraint>
<role-name>tomcat</role-name>
<role-name>role1</role-name>
</auth-constraint>
</security-constraint>
16、登陆验证配置
<login-config>
<auth-method>FORM</auth-method>
<realm-name>Example-Based Authentiation Area</realm-name>
<form-login-config>
<form-login-page>/jsp/security/protected/login.jsp</form-login-page>
<form-error-page>/jsp/security/protected/error.jsp</form-error-page>
</form-login-config>
</login-config>
17、安全角色：security-role元素给出安全角色的一个列表，这些角色将出现在servlet元素内的security-role-ref元素的role-name子元素中。
分别地声明角色可使高级IDE处理安全信息更为容易。
<security-role>
<role-name>tomcat</role-name>
</security-role>
18、Web环境参数：env-entry元素声明Web应用的环境项
<env-entry>
<env-entry-name>minExemptions</env-entry-name>
<env-entry-value>1</env-entry-value>
<env-entry-type>java.lang.Integer</env-entry-type>
</env-entry>
19、EJB 声明
<ejb-ref>
<description>Example EJB reference</decription>
<ejb-ref-name>ejb/Account</ejb-ref-name>
<ejb-ref-type>Entity</ejb-ref-type>
<home>com.mycompany.mypackage.AccountHome</home>
<remote>com.mycompany.mypackage.Account</remote>
</ejb-ref>
20、本地EJB声明
<ejb-local-ref>
<description>Example Loacal EJB reference</decription>
<ejb-ref-name>ejb/ProcessOrder</ejb-ref-name>
<ejb-ref-type>Session</ejb-ref-type>
<local-home>com.mycompany.mypackage.ProcessOrderHome</local-home>
<local>com.mycompany.mypackage.ProcessOrder</local>
</ejb-local-ref>
21、配置DWR
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>uk.ltd.getahead.dwr.DWRServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
22、配置Struts
<display-name>Struts Blank Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>detail</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>application</param-name>
<param-value>ApplicationResources</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->

<!DOCTYPE web-app
PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">

<web-app>


<!-- General description of your web application -->

<display-name>My Web Application</display-name>
<description>
This is version X.X of an application to perform
a wild and wonderful task, based on servlets and
JSP pages. It was written by Dave Developer
(dave@mycompany.com), who should be contacted for
more information.
</description>


<!-- Context initialization parameters that define shared
String constants used within your application, which
can be customized by the system administrator who is
installing your application. The values actually
assigned to these parameters can be retrieved in a
servlet or JSP page by calling:

String value =
getServletContext().getInitParameter("name");

where "name" matches the <param-name> element of
one of these initialization parameters.

You can define any number of context initialization
parameters, including zero.
-->

<context-param>
<param-name>webmaster</param-name>
<param-value>myaddress@mycompany.com</param-value>
<description>
The EMAIL address of the administrator to whom questions
and comments about this application should be addressed.
</description>
</context-param>


<!-- Servlet definitions for the servlets that make up
your web application, including initialization
parameters. With Tomcat, you can also send requests
to servlets not listed here with a request like this:

http://localhost:8080/{context-path}/servlet/{classname}

but this usage is not guaranteed to be portable. It also
makes relative references to images and other resources
required by your servlet more complicated, so defining
all of your servlets (and defining a mapping to them with
a servlet-mapping element) is recommended.

Servlet initialization parameters can be retrieved in a
servlet or JSP page by calling:

String value =
getServletConfig().getInitParameter("name");

where "name" matches the <param-name> element of
one of these initialization parameters.

You can define any number of servlets, including zero.
-->

<servlet>
<servlet-name>controller</servlet-name>
<description>
This servlet plays the "controller" role in the MVC architecture
used in this application. It is generally mapped to the ".do"
filename extension with a servlet-mapping element, and all form
submits in the app will be submitted to a request URI like
"saveCustomer.do", which will therefore be mapped to this servlet.

The initialization parameter names for this servlet are the
"servlet path" that will be received by this servlet (after the
filename extension is removed). The corresponding value is the
name of the action class that will be used to process this request.
</description>
<servlet-class>com.mycompany.mypackage.ControllerServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>listOrders</param-name>
<param-value>com.mycompany.myactions.ListOrdersAction</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>saveCustomer</param-name>
<param-value>com.mycompany.myactions.SaveCustomerAction</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- Load this servlet at server startup time -->
<load-on-startup>5</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<servlet>
<servlet-name>graph</servlet-name>
<description>
This servlet produces GIF images that are dynamically generated
graphs, based on the input parameters included on the request.
It is generally mapped to a specific request URI like "/graph".
</description>
</servlet>


<!-- Define mappings that are used by the servlet container to
translate a particular request URI (context-relative) to a
particular servlet. The examples below correspond to the
servlet descriptions above. Thus, a request URI like:

http://localhost:8080/{contextpath}/graph

will be mapped to the "graph" servlet, while a request like:

http://localhost:8080/{contextpath}/saveCustomer.do

will be mapped to the "controller" servlet.

You may define any number of servlet mappings, including zero.
It is also legal to define more than one mapping for the same
servlet, if you wish to.
-->

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>controller</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>graph</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/graph</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>


<!-- Define the default session timeout for your application,
in minutes. From a servlet or JSP page, you can modify
the timeout for a particular session dynamically by using
HttpSession.getMaxInactiveInterval(). -->

<session-config>
<session-timeout>30</session-timeout> <!-- 30 minutes -->
</session-config>


</web-app>