System.out.format的使用

import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Locale;
public class TestFormat {

public static void main(String[] args) {
long n = 461012;
System.out.format("%d%n", n); // --> "461012"
System.out.format("%08d%n", n); // --> "00461012"
System.out.format("%+8d%n", n); // --> " +461012"
System.out.format("%,8d%n", n); // --> " 461,012"
System.out.format("%+,8d%n%n", n); // --> "+461,012"

double pi = Math.PI;
System.out.format("%f%n", pi); // --> "3.141593"
System.out.format("%.3f%n", pi); // --> "3.142"
System.out.format("%10.3f%n", pi); // --> " 3.142"
System.out.format("%-10.3f%n", pi); // --> "3.142"
System.out.format(Locale.FRANCE,
"%-10.4f%n%n", pi); // --> "3,1416"
Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
System.out.format("%tB %te, %tY%n", c, c, c); // --> "May 29, 2006"
System.out.format("%tl:%tM %tp%n", c, c, c); // --> "2:34 am"
System.out.format("%tD%n", c); // --> "05/29/06"
}
}


====================
import java.text.*;
public class DecimalFormatDemo {
static public void customFormat(String pattern, double value ) {
DecimalFormat myFormatter = new DecimalFormat(pattern);
String output = myFormatter.format(value);
System.out.println(value + " " + pattern + " " + output);
}

static public void main(String[] args) {
customFormat("###,###.###", 123456.789);
customFormat("###.##", 123456.789);
customFormat("000000.000", 123.78);
customFormat("$###,###.###", 12345.67);
}
}



The output is:

123456.789 ###,###.### 123,456.789
123456.789 ###.## 123456.79
123.78 000000.000 000123.780
12345.67 $###,###.### $12,345.67
Converters and Flags Used in TestFormat.java（只是例子中用到的，还有没有用到的）

Converter	Flag	Explanation
d	<wbr></wbr>	A decimal integer.
f	<wbr></wbr>	A float.
n	<wbr></wbr>	A new line character appropriate to the platform running the application. You should always use%n, rather than\n.
tB	<wbr></wbr>	A date & time conversion—locale-specific full name of month.
td, te	<wbr></wbr>	A date & time conversion—2-digit day of month. td has leading zeroes as needed, te does not.
ty, tY	<wbr></wbr>	A date & time conversion—ty = 2-digit year, tY = 4-digit year.
tl	<wbr></wbr>	A date & time conversion—hour in 12-hour clock.
tM	<wbr></wbr>	A date & time conversion—minutes in 2 digits, with leading zeroes as necessary.
tp	<wbr></wbr>	A date & time conversion—locale-specific am/pm (lower case).
tm	<wbr></wbr>	A date & time conversion—months in 2 digits, with leading zeroes as necessary.
tD	<wbr></wbr>	A date & time conversion—date as %tm%td%ty
<wbr></wbr>	08	Eight characters in width, with leading zeroes as necessary.
<wbr></wbr>	+	Includes sign, whether positive or negative.
<wbr></wbr>	,	Includes locale-specific grouping characters.
<wbr></wbr>	-	Left-justified..
<wbr></wbr>	.3	Three places after decimal point.
<wbr></wbr>	10.3	Ten characters in width, right justified, with three places after decimal point.

JDK5.0允许象C语言那样直接用printf()方法来格式化输出，并且提供了许多参数来格式化输入，调用也很简单：

System.out.format("Pi is approximately%f", Math.Pi); System.out.printf("Pi is approximately%f", Math.Pi); printf()和format()方法具有相同的功能.System.out是java.io.PrintStream的实例.PrintStream,java.io.PrintWriter, 和java.lang.String每个类都有四个新的格式化方法: format( String format, Object... args); printf( String format, Object... args); format( Locale locale, String format, Object... args); printf( Locale locale, String format, Object... args);

同时，以前的formatter类也提供了更完善的方法来格式化，例如：

formatter.format("Pi is approximately %1$f," + "and e is about %2$f", Math.PI, Math.E);

格式化元素的构成如下：

%[argument_index$][flags][width][.precision]conversion 其中： argument_index是一个正整数，说明了参数的位置，1为取第一个参数 width表示输出的最小字母个数 precision代表数字的小数位数 conversion代表被格式化的参数的类型： ffloat, ttime ddecimal ooctal xhexadecimal sgeneral ca Unicode character

以下是个例子：

package format; import java.util.Formatter; public class UsingFormatter { public static void main(String[] args) { if (args.length != 1) { System.err.println("usage: " + "java format/UsingFormatter "); System.exit(0); } String format = args[0]; StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); Formatter formatter = new Formatter(stringBuilder); formatter.format("Pi is approximately " + format + ", and e is about " + format, Math.PI, Math.E); System.out.println(stringBuilder); } } //控制台调用 java format/UsingFormatter %f //输出 Pi is approximately 3.141593, and e is about 2.718282 //控制台调用 java format/UsingFormatter %.2f //输出 Pi is approximately 3.14, and e is about 2.72 //控制台调用 java format/UsingFormatter %6.2f //输出(有空格来填补长度) Pi is approximately3.14, and e is about2.72 //控制台调用 java format/UsingFormatter%1$.2f //输出 Pi is approximately 3.14, and e is about 3.14 //改变区域设置 package format; import java.util.Formatter; import java.util.Locale; public class UsingFormatter { public static void main(String[] args) { if (args.length != 1) { System.err.println("usage: " + "java format/UsingFormatter <format string>"); System.exit(0); } String format = args[0]; StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); Formatter formatter = new Formatter(stringBuilder, Locale.FRANCE); formatter.format("Pi is approximately " + format + ", and e is about " + format, Math.PI, Math.E); System.out.println(stringBuilder); } } //控制台调用 java format/UsingFormatter %.2f //输出 Pi is approximately 3,14, and e is about 2,72 //采用format,printf的可替代写法 package format; public class UsingSystemOut { public static void main(String[] args) { if (args.length != 1) { System.err.println("usage: " + "java format/UsingSystemOut <format string>"); System.exit(0); } String format = args[0]; System.out.format("Pi is approximately " + format + ", and e is approximately " + format, Math.PI, Math.E); } } //控制台调用 java format/UsingSystemOut %.2f%n //输出 Pi is approximately 3.14 , and e is about 2.72

对时间的格式化用字母t来代表，通常在t后面加上特殊的字符来显示时间的某个部分：

trhour and minute, tAthe day of the week tBthe name of the month tethe number of the day of the month tYthe year //eg. package format; import java.util.Calendar; public class FormattingDates{ public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.printf("Right now it is %tr on " + "%<tA, %<tB %<te, %<tY.%n", Calendar.getInstance()); } } //说明：“<”指示采用的参数为前一个被格式化的参数 //输出 Right now it is 01:55:19 PM on Wednesday, September 22, 2004.