<<细说PHP>>读书笔记 -- 第7章 数组(一)

 

7.1 数组概述

存储在数组中的单个值被称为数组的元素，每个数组元素都有一个相关的索引，也被称为数组下标。在PHP中下标可以是整数，也可以是字符串。如果以字符串作为下标的话，这时数组就像一个Map，提供了键值对的能力。

 

索引数组：以整数作为下标的数组。默认从0开始计数；

关联数组：以字符串作为下标的数组。

 

7.2 数组的定义

PHP中定义数组非常的灵活，无需在创建数组的时候指定数组的大小，甚至不需要在使用数组前先行声明，也可以在同一个数组中存储任何数据类型。也可以支持一维或多维数组。在PHP中可以使用如下2个方法来定义数组

1. 直接为数组元素赋值即可声明数组；

2. 使用array()函数来声明数组

 

7.2.1 直接赋值的方式来声明数组

语法：$数组变量名[下表] = 资料内容 

         其中下标可以是一个字符串或一个整数

 

<?php

//索引数组
$contact1[0] = 1;
$contact1[1] = "thomas";
$contact1[2] = "A Company";
$contact1[3] = "BeiJing";
$contact1[4] = "(010)98765432";
$contact1[5] = "thomas@php.com";

//关联数组
$contact2["ID"] = 2;
$contact2["NAME"] = "Jack";
$contact2["COMPANY"] = "B Company";
$contact2["ADDRESS"] = "ShangHai";
$contact2["PHONE"] = "(021)12345678";
$contact2["EMAIL"] = "jack@php.com";

//索引数组
$contact[] = 3;                     //下标为0
$contact[] = "Jesse";               //下标为1
$contact[] = "C Company";           //下标为2
$contact[] = "WuHan";               //下标为3
$contact[] = "(027)08642135";       //下标为4
$contact[] = "jesse@php.com";        //下标为5

var_dump($contact1);
var_dump($contact2);	
print_r($contact);

?>

 

7.2.2 使用array()语言结构新建数组

语法：$数组变量名 = array(key1 => value1 , key2 => value2 , ... ... , keyN => valueN)

         用以创建关联数组

 

         $数组变量名 = array(value1 , value2 , ... ... , valueN)

         用以创建下标从0开始的索引数组

<?php
$contact1 = array(
		          1 
		        , "thomas"
		        , "A Company"
		        , "BeiJing"
		        , "(010)98765432"
		        , "thomas@php.com");

$contact2 = array(
		 "ID" => 2
		,"Name" => "Jack"
		,"Company" => "B Company"
		,"Address" => "ShangHai"
		,"Phone" => "(021)12345678"
		,"EMAIL" => "jack@php.com"
		);

var_dump($contact1);
print_r($contact2);
?>

 

7.2.3 多维数组

上面的例子都是一维数组，所谓的二维数组，也就是一维数组中的每一个元素也都是数组。三维，四维..的数组也是类似的概念。

<?php
$contact1 = array(
		    array(1,"Thomas","A Company","BeiJing","(010)87654321","thomas@php.com")
		   ,array(2,"Jack","B Company","ShangHai","(021)12345678","jack@php.com")
		   ,array(3,"Jesse","C Company","WuHan","(027)86421357","jesse@php.com")
		);

$contact2 = array(
		    "BeiJing Contact"  
		       => array(1,"Thomas","A Company","BeiJing","(010)87654321","thomas@php.com")
		   ,"ShangHai Contact" 
		       => array(2,"Jack","B Company","ShangHai","(021)12345678","jack@php.com")
		   
		   ,"WuHan Contact"
		       => array(3,"Jesse","C Company","WuHan","(027)86421357","jesse@php.com")
		);

var_dump($contact1);
print_r($contact2);
?>