一、Content Provider基本概念
1、ContentProvider为存储和获取数据提供了统一的接口。ContentProvide使用表的形式来组织数据。
2、使用ContentProvider可以在不同的应用程序之间共享数据。
3、Android为常见的一些数据提供了ContentProvider(包括音频、视频、图片和通讯录等)。
ContentProvider所提供的函数:
query(),insert(),update(),delete(),getType(),onCreate()等。
二、URI(统一资源标识符)
1、每一个ContentProvider都拥有一个公共的URI,这个URI用于表示这个ContentProvider所提供的数据。
2、Android所提供的ContentProvider都存放在android.provider包中。
三、ContentProvider的实现过程
1、定义一个CONTENT_URI常量。
2、定义一个类,继承ContentProvider。
3、实现query,insert,update,delete,getType和onCreate方法。
4、在AndroidManifest.xml当中进行声明。
FirstProviderMetaData.java
package com.android.activity;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.provider.BaseColumns;
/**
* 定义contentprovider的常量
* @author Allorry Zhang
*/
public class FirstProviderMetaData {
public static final String AUTHORIY = "com.android.activity.FirstContentProvider";
//数据库名称
public static final String DATABASE_NAME = "FirstProvider.db";
//数据库的版本
public static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
//表名
public static final String USERS_TABLE_NAME = "users";
public static final class UserTableMetaData implements BaseColumns{
//表名
public static final String TABLE_NAME = "users";
//访问该ContentProvider的URI
public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORIY + "/users");
//该ContentProvider所返回的数据类型的定义
public static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.firstprovider.user";
public static final String CONTENT_TYPE_ITEM = "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.firstprovider.user";
//列名
public static final String USER_NAME = "name";
//默认的排序方法
public static final String DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER = "_id desc";
}
}
FirstContentProvider.java
package com.android.activity;
import java.util.HashMap;
import com.android.activity.FirstProviderMetaData.UserTableMetaData;
import com.android.db.DatabaseHelper;
import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteQueryBuilder;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.text.TextUtils;
public class FirstContentProvider extends ContentProvider {
//检查uri是否符合标准,给uri起一个规则,返回数字
public static final UriMatcher uriMatcher;
public static final int INCOMING_USER_COLLECTION = 1;
public static final int INCOMING_USER_SINGLE = 2;
private DatabaseHelper dh;
static {
uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
uriMatcher.addURI(FirstProviderMetaData.AUTHORIY, "/users",
INCOMING_USER_COLLECTION);
//#代表id
uriMatcher.addURI(FirstProviderMetaData.AUTHORIY, "/users/#",
INCOMING_USER_SINGLE);
}
//给列起别名
public static HashMap<String,String> userProjectionMap;
static{
userProjectionMap = new HashMap<String,String>();
userProjectionMap.put(UserTableMetaData._ID,UserTableMetaData._ID);
userProjectionMap.put(UserTableMetaData.USER_NAME, UserTableMetaData.USER_NAME);
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri arg0, String arg1, String[] arg2) {
System.out.println("delete");
return 0;
}
//根据传入的URI,返回该URI所表示的数据类型
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
System.out.println("getType");
switch(uriMatcher.match(uri)){
case INCOMING_USER_COLLECTION:
return UserTableMetaData.CONTENT_TYPE;
case INCOMING_USER_SINGLE:
return UserTableMetaData.CONTENT_TYPE_ITEM;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI" + uri);
}
}
/**
* 该函数的返回值是一个Uri,这个Uri表示的是刚刚使用这个函数所插入的数据
* content://mars.cp.FirstContentProvider/users/1
*/
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
System.out.println("insert");
SQLiteDatabase db = dh.getWritableDatabase();
long rowId = db.insert(UserTableMetaData.TABLE_NAME, null, values);
if(rowId > 0){
Uri insertedUserUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(UserTableMetaData.CONTENT_URI, rowId);
//通知监听器,数据已经改变
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(insertedUserUri, null);
return insertedUserUri;
}
throw new SQLException("Failed to insert row into" + uri);
}
//是一个回调方法,所以说在ContentProvider创建的时候执行
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
//打开数据库
dh = new DatabaseHelper(getContext(),FirstProviderMetaData.DATABASE_NAME);
System.out.println("onCreate");
return true;
}
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs,
String sortOrder) {
SQLiteQueryBuilder qb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder();
switch(uriMatcher.match(uri)){
case INCOMING_USER_COLLECTION:
qb.setTables(UserTableMetaData.TABLE_NAME);
qb.setProjectionMap(userProjectionMap);
break;
case INCOMING_USER_SINGLE:
qb.setTables(UserTableMetaData.TABLE_NAME);
qb.setProjectionMap(userProjectionMap);
qb.appendWhere(UserTableMetaData._ID + "=" + uri.getPathSegments().get(1));
break;
}
String orderBy;
if(TextUtils.isEmpty(sortOrder)){
orderBy = UserTableMetaData.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER;
}
else{
orderBy = sortOrder;
}
SQLiteDatabase db = dh.getWritableDatabase();
Cursor c = qb.query(db, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, orderBy);
c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri);
System.out.println("query");
return c;
}
@Override
public int update(Uri arg0, ContentValues arg1, String arg2, String[] arg3) {
System.out.println("update");
return 0;
}
}
ContentProviderActivity.java
package com.android.activity;
import java.util.HashMap;
import com.android.activity.FirstProviderMetaData.UserTableMetaData;
import com.android.db.DatabaseHelper;
import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteQueryBuilder;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.text.TextUtils;
public class FirstContentProvider extends ContentProvider {
//检查uri是否符合标准,给uri起一个规则,返回数字
public static final UriMatcher uriMatcher;
public static final int INCOMING_USER_COLLECTION = 1;
public static final int INCOMING_USER_SINGLE = 2;
private DatabaseHelper dh;
static {
uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
uriMatcher.addURI(FirstProviderMetaData.AUTHORIY, "/users",
INCOMING_USER_COLLECTION);
//#代表id
uriMatcher.addURI(FirstProviderMetaData.AUTHORIY, "/users/#",
INCOMING_USER_SINGLE);
}
//给列起别名
public static HashMap<String,String> userProjectionMap;
static{
userProjectionMap = new HashMap<String,String>();
userProjectionMap.put(UserTableMetaData._ID,UserTableMetaData._ID);
userProjectionMap.put(UserTableMetaData.USER_NAME, UserTableMetaData.USER_NAME);
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri arg0, String arg1, String[] arg2) {
System.out.println("delete");
return 0;
}
//根据传入的URI,返回该URI所表示的数据类型
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
System.out.println("getType");
switch(uriMatcher.match(uri)){
case INCOMING_USER_COLLECTION:
return UserTableMetaData.CONTENT_TYPE;
case INCOMING_USER_SINGLE:
return UserTableMetaData.CONTENT_TYPE_ITEM;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI" + uri);
}
}
/**
* 该函数的返回值是一个Uri,这个Uri表示的是刚刚使用这个函数所插入的数据
* content://mars.cp.FirstContentProvider/users/1
*/
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
System.out.println("insert");
SQLiteDatabase db = dh.getWritableDatabase();
long rowId = db.insert(UserTableMetaData.TABLE_NAME, null, values);
if(rowId > 0){
Uri insertedUserUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(UserTableMetaData.CONTENT_URI, rowId);
//通知监听器,数据已经改变
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(insertedUserUri, null);
return insertedUserUri;
}
throw new SQLException("Failed to insert row into" + uri);
}
//是一个回调方法,所以说在ContentProvider创建的时候执行
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
//打开数据库
dh = new DatabaseHelper(getContext(),FirstProviderMetaData.DATABASE_NAME);
System.out.println("onCreate");
return true;
}
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs,
String sortOrder) {
SQLiteQueryBuilder qb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder();
switch(uriMatcher.match(uri)){
case INCOMING_USER_COLLECTION:
qb.setTables(UserTableMetaData.TABLE_NAME);
qb.setProjectionMap(userProjectionMap);
break;
case INCOMING_USER_SINGLE:
qb.setTables(UserTableMetaData.TABLE_NAME);
qb.setProjectionMap(userProjectionMap);
qb.appendWhere(UserTableMetaData._ID + "=" + uri.getPathSegments().get(1));
break;
}
String orderBy;
if(TextUtils.isEmpty(sortOrder)){
orderBy = UserTableMetaData.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER;
}
else{
orderBy = sortOrder;
}
SQLiteDatabase db = dh.getWritableDatabase();
Cursor c = qb.query(db, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, orderBy);
c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri);
System.out.println("query");
return c;
}
@Override
public int update(Uri arg0, ContentValues arg1, String arg2, String[] arg3) {
System.out.println("update");
return 0;
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.android.activity" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" /> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".ContentProviderActivity" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <provider android:name="com.android.activity.FirstContentProvider" android:authorities="com.android.activity.FirstContentProvider"></provider> </application> </manifest>
main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> <Button android:id="@+id/insert" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="插入数据" /> <Button android:id="@+id/query" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="查询数据" /> </LinearLayout>
其实很少能使用到自己定义实现的ContentProvider,平时只要知道API定义好的ContentProvider的使用即可。