C语言中各种数据类型长度的总结

最新推荐文章于 2020-12-22 18:46:48 发布

iteye_887

最新推荐文章于 2020-12-22 18:46:48 发布

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文章标签： c/c++ 嵌入式

下面是我关于
C
语言中各种数据类型长度的总结：
(
参考
The C Programming Language)



1. c
语言中的整数类型有
char, short, int, long
等几种
, 
下面是
C
语言对每种数据类型长度的规定
:

(a). short
和
long
类型的长度不相同

(b). int
类型通常同具体机器的物理字长相同

(c). short
通常是
16bits, int
通常是
16bits or 32bits
每种编译器可以根据硬件的不同自由确定
, 
但是
short
和
int
必须最少是
16bits, 
而
long
类型必须最少是
32bits,

并且
short
必须比
int
和
long
类型要短。

2. sizeof() 
运算符返回的是一种数据类型中所包含的字节数
(bytes), AnsiC
规定
sizeof(char)
必须返回
1
，当
sizeof
作用于数组时
, 
返回的是数组中所有成员所占的字节数
(
注意并不是数组中成员的个数
), 
当
sizeof()
作用于结构体和公用体时
,
返回的不仅仅是数据成员总的字节数
, 
还包括编译器为了实现字节对其而填充的那些字节。



以前写程序也隐隐约约的懂得这些规则，但是一直以为
char
类型必须是
8bits
的，但是最近做了一个嵌入式
DSP
项目，编译器手册上明明写着
char
类型就是
16bits
的，无奈翻出
"The C Programming
Language"
一查才发现
ANSI C
对于
char
类型的长度并没有作硬性规定。以前写程序不太注意数据类型的可移植性
, 
这次项目中用到的以前的代码都要重新检查数据类型长度的问题。



C Data types.


<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">


<hr size="2">
</div>
Variable definition


C has a concept of 'data types
' which are used to <a href="http://www.space.unibe.ch/comp_doc/c_manual/C/glossary.html#definition">define</a>
a variable before its use. 

The definition of a variable will assign storage for the variable and
define the type of data that will be held in the location. 

So what data types are available? 

<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 80%;" border="1" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt;">
<a href="http://www.space.unibe.ch/comp_doc/c_manual/C/CONCEPT/data_types.html#int#int">int</a>


</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt;">
<a href="http://www.space.unibe.ch/comp_doc/c_manual/C/CONCEPT/data_types.html#float#float">float</a>


</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt;">
<a href="http://www.space.unibe.ch/comp_doc/c_manual/C/CONCEPT/data_types.html#double#double">double</a>


</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt;">
<a href="http://www.space.unibe.ch/comp_doc/c_manual/C/CONCEPT/data_types.html#char#char">char</a>


</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt;">
<a href="http://www.space.unibe.ch/comp_doc/c_manual/C/SYNTAX/void.html">void</a>


</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt;">
<a href="http://www.space.unibe.ch/comp_doc/c_manual/C/SYNTAX/enum.html">enum</a>


</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
Please note that there is not a boolean data type. C does not have the
traditional view about logical comparison, but thats another story. 

Recent C++ compilers do have a <a href="http://www.space.unibe.ch/comp_doc/c_manual/CPLUSPLUS/SYNTAX/bool.html">boolean</a>
datatype. 

<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">


<hr size="2">
</div>
<a name="int">int - data type

</a>

int


 is used to define integer
numbers. 


<div>

<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 80%;" border="1" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt;">



 
{


 
int Count;


 
Count = 5;


 
}


</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">


<hr size="2">

</div>

<a name="float">float - data type

</a>

float


 is used to define floating
point numbers. 


<div>

<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 80%;" border="1" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt;">



 
{


 
float Miles;


 
Miles = 5.6;


 
}


</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">


<hr size="2">

</div>

<a name="double">double - data type

</a>

double


 is used to define
BIG floating point numbers. It reserves twice the storage for the number. On
PCs this is likely to be 8 bytes. 


<div>

<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 80%;" border="1" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt;">



 
{


 
double Atoms;


 
Atoms = 2500000;


 
}


</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">


<hr size="2">

</div>

<a name="char">char - data type

</a>

char


 defines characters. 


<div>

<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 80%;" border="1" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt;">



 
{


 
char Letter;


 
Letter = 'x';


 
}


</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>

<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a name="modifier">

<hr size="2">
</a>
</div>
Modifiers



The three data
types above have the following modifiers. 


<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
short 

</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
long 

</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
signed 

</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
unsigned 

</li>
</ul>
The modifiers
define the amount of storage allocated to the variable. The amount of storage
allocated is not cast in stone. ANSI has the following rules: 


<div>

<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 80%;" border="1" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt;">



 
short int <= 
int <= long int


 
float <= double <= long
double


</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div>
What this means is that a 'short int' should assign
less than or the same amount of storage as an 'int' and the 'int' should be
less or the same bytes than a 'long int'. What this means in the real world is:



<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="0"><tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt;">



 
Type 
Bytes

Bits 
Range


</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt;">



 
short int 
2

16 
-32,768 ->
+32,767 
(32kb)


 
unsigned short int 
2

16 
0 ->
+65,535 
(64Kb)


 
unsigned int 
4

32 
0 ->
+4,294,967,295 
( 4Gb)


 
int 
4

32 
-2,147,483,648 ->
+2,147,483,647 
( 2Gb)


 
long int 
4

32 
-2,147,483,648 ->
+2,147,483,647 
( 2Gb)


 
signed char 
1

8 
-128 -> +127


 
unsigned char 
1

8 
0 -> +255


 
float 
4

32


 
double 
8

64


 
long double 
12

96


</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
These figures only apply to todays generation of PCs.
Mainframes and midrange machines could use different figures, but would still
comply with the rule above. 


You can find out how much storage is allocated to a
data type by using the 

<a href="http://www.space.unibe.ch/comp_doc/c_manual/C/SYNTAX/sizeof.html">sizeof</a>
operator.

iteye_887

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C语言中各种数据类型长度的总结

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