Spring对邮件发送支持的很好,我们只要配置好邮件发送器,写好邮件发送具体操作类的方法,那么实现就不是很难的事,不过这个过程中经常会出现这样或那样的错误,所以待讲完本篇后我会总体总结下spring邮件发送容易发生的错误及解决办法
关于邮件发送,不外乎有这么几种情况,一种是纯文本的发送,一种是HTML形式的发送,一种就是发送时带有附件,一种就是发送时采取的事群发,针对这几个我将一一来讲下,我的代码中将第一中归为一大类,后面三种归为一代类,所以将会出现两种配置文件
第一大类邮件发送【纯文本发送】
必须包:spring.jar,common-logging.jar,mail.jar,servlet.jar,common-collection.jar
首先我们来看spring配置文件applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<!--定义邮件发送器,配置好发送者详细信息-->
<bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
<property name="host" value="smtp.163.com" />
<property name="port" value="25" />
<property name="username" value="emailusername" />
<property name="password" value="emailpassword" />
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8" />
<property name="javaMailProperties">
<props>
<prop key="mail.smtp.auth">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="emailService" class="com.javacrazyer.comon.SendOrderConfirmationEmailAdvice">
<property name="mailSender" ref="mailSender" />
</bean>
</beans>
用到的实体类Order.java
package com.javacrazyer.comon;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Order implements Serializable {
/* Private Fields */
private int orderId;
private String username;
private String useremail;
public int getOrderId() {
return orderId;
}
public void setOrderId(int orderId) {
this.orderId = orderId;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getUseremail() {
return useremail;
}
public void setUseremail(String useremail) {
this.useremail = useremail;
}
}
邮件发送类的接口类MailService.java
package com.javacrazyer.comon;
/**
* 使用Spring发送邮件
*
*/
public interface MailService {
void sendOrderMail(Order order);
}
具体实现的邮件发送类SendOrderConfirmationEmailAdvice.java
package com.javacrazyer.comon;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import org.springframework.mail.MailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
public class SendOrderConfirmationEmailAdvice implements MailService{
private String from="emailusername@163.com"; //发送人邮箱地址,必须与spring配置文件中的邮箱地址一样
private String registeTemplateName = "com/javacrazyer/comon/mail_registe.txt";
private MailSender mailSender;
public void setMailSender(MailSender mailSender) {
this.mailSender = mailSender;
}
public void sendOrderMail(Order order) {
//SimpleMialMessage只能用来发送TEXT格式的邮件
SimpleMailMessage mail = new SimpleMailMessage();
mail.setFrom(this.from);
mail.setTo(order.getUseremail());
mail.setSubject("恭喜你成功注册成为SOMEDAY商城的会员!");
mail.setText(loadTemplateContent(registeTemplateName).replaceAll("\\$\\{LOGINNAME\\}", order.getUsername()));
this.mailSender.send(mail);
}
private String loadTemplateContent(String templateName){
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
BufferedReader br= null;
try{
br = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(
Thread.currentThread()
.getContextClassLoader()
.getResourceAsStream(templateName), "UTF-8"));
String lineSeparator = System.getProperty("line.separator");
for(String str = null; (str = br.readLine()) != null;){
sb.append(str);
sb.append(lineSeparator);
}
}catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(br != null){
try {
br.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
}
用到的mail_registe.txt
亲爱的${LOGINNAME}:您好!
恭喜你成为SOMEDAY商城的会员!
你的登录用户名为:${LOGINNAME}
你的登录口令为:******(隐藏)
本站网址:http://www.yoursitename.cn
联系邮箱:hr@yoursite.cn
测试发送
package com.javacrazyer.service.test;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.javacrazyer.comon.MailService;
import com.javacrazyer.comon.Order;
public class UserServiceTest {
@Test
public void test() throws InterruptedException {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"applicationContext.xml");
MailService sf = (MailService) context.getBean("emailService");
Order order = new Order();
order.setUsername("cheneywu");
order.setUseremail("xxxxxx@qq.com");
sf.sendOrderMail(order);
}
}
注意查收邮箱中的信息哦
第二大类邮件发送【HTML格式的发送,群发,附件】
除了上面包外,还需要spring-webmvc.jar,freemarker.jar,为什么需要freemarker呢,因为要发送HTML格式的文件,所以要先写好HTML内容的文件,然后用模板freemarker匹配其中的值,Spring中对freemarker也有很好的支持
spring配置文件applicatonContext-html.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="freeMarker"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer">
<property name="templateLoaderPath" value="classpath:mailTemplate" />
<!--指定模板文件目录-->
<property name="freemarkerSettings"><!-- 设置FreeMarker环境属性-->
<props>
<prop key="template_update_delay">1800</prop><!--刷新模板的周期,单位为秒-->
<prop key="default_encoding">UTF-8</prop><!--模板的编码格式 -->
<prop key="locale">zh_CN</prop><!-- 本地化设置-->
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 注意:这里的参数(如用户名、密码)都是针对邮件发送者的 -->
<bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
<property name="host" value="smtp.163.com" />
<property name="port" value="25" />
<property name="username" value="emailusername" />
<property name="password" value="emailpassword" />
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8" />
<property name="javaMailProperties">
<props>
<prop key="mail.smtp.auth">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="emailService" class="com.javacrazyer.comon.EmailService">
<property name="mailSender" ref="mailSender"></property>
<property name="freeMarkerConfigurer" ref="freeMarker"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
模板文件目mailTemplate下的模板文件registe.ftl 【这个文件无名字、后缀无所谓,只要内容是HTML内容即可】
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf8">
</head>
<body>
恭喜您成功注册!您的用户名为:<font color='red' size='30'>${LOGINNAME}</font>
</body>
</html>
具体邮件发送类EmailService.java
package com.javacrazyer.comon;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeUtility;
import org.springframework.mail.MailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.ui.freemarker.FreeMarkerTemplateUtils;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer;
import freemarker.template.Template;
public class EmailService implements MailService {
private JavaMailSender mailSender;
private FreeMarkerConfigurer freeMarkerConfigurer = null; // FreeMarker的技术类
public void setMailSender(JavaMailSender mailSender) {
this.mailSender = mailSender;
}
public void setFreeMarkerConfigurer(
FreeMarkerConfigurer freeMarkerConfigurer) {
this.freeMarkerConfigurer = freeMarkerConfigurer;
}
/**
* 发送带模板的单个html格式邮件
*/
public void sendOrderMail(Order order) {
MimeMessage msg = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
// 设置utf-8或GBK编码,否则邮件会有乱码,true表示为multipart邮件
try {
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(msg, true, "utf-8");
helper.setTo(order.getUseremail()); // 邮件接收地址
helper.setFrom("emailusername@163.com"); // 邮件发送地址,这里必须和xml里的邮件地址相同一致
helper.setSubject("你好,恭喜你注册成功"); // 主题
String htmlText;
htmlText = getMailText(order.getUsername());
helper.setText(htmlText, true); // 邮件内容,注意加参数true,表示启用html格式
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} // 使用模板生成html邮件内容
mailSender.send(msg); // 发送邮件
}
/**
* 批量发送带附件的html格式邮件,带附件
*/
public void sendBatchEmail(Order order, List<String> address) {
MimeMessage msg = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
try {
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(msg, true, "utf-8");
String toList = getMailList(address);
InternetAddress[] iaToList = new InternetAddress().parse(toList);
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, iaToList);
helper.setFrom("emailusername@163.com");
helper.setSubject("你好,恭喜你注册成功");
String htmlText = getMailText(order.getUsername());
helper.setText(htmlText, true);
// 添加内嵌文件,第1个参数为cid标识这个文件,第2个参数为资源
helper.addInline("a", new File("E:/11.jpg")); // 附件内容
helper.addInline("b", new File("E:/12.jpg"));
File file = new File("E:/各种框架图介绍.docx");
// 这里的方法调用和插入图片是不同的,使用MimeUtility.encodeWord()来解决附件名称的中文问题
helper.addAttachment(MimeUtility.encodeWord(file.getName()), file);
} catch (MessagingException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 如果主题出现乱码,可以使用该函数,也可以使用下面的函数
// helper.setSubject(MimeUtility.encodeText(String text,String
// charset,String encoding))
// 第2个参数表示字符集,第三个为目标编码格式。
// MimeUtility.encodeWord(String word,String charset,String encoding)
mailSender.send(msg);
}
/**
* 集合转换字符串
*/
public String getMailList(List<String> to) {
StringBuffer toList = new StringBuffer();
int length = to.size();
if (to != null && length < 2) {
toList.append(to.get(0));
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
toList.append(to.get(i));
if (i != (length - 1)) {
toList.append(",");
}
}
}
return toList.toString();
}
// 通过模板构造邮件内容,参数content将替换模板文件中的${content}标签。
private String getMailText(String content) throws Exception {
String htmlText = "";
// 通过指定模板名获取FreeMarker模板实例
Template tpl = freeMarkerConfigurer.getConfiguration().getTemplate(
"registe.ftl");
Map map = new HashMap(); // FreeMarker通过Map传递动态数据
map.put("LOGINNAME", content); // 注意动态数据的key和模板标签中指定的属性相匹配
// 解析模板并替换动态数据,最终content将替换模板文件中的${content}标签。
htmlText = FreeMarkerTemplateUtils.processTemplateIntoString(tpl, map);
return htmlText;
}
}
单一发送HTML格式的邮件测试
package com.javacrazyer.service.test;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.javacrazyer.comon.MailService;
import com.javacrazyer.comon.Order;
public class UserServiceTest {
@Test
public void test() throws InterruptedException {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"applicationContext-html.xml");
MailService sf = (MailService) context.getBean("emailService");
Order order = new Order();
order.setUsername("cheneywu");
order.setUseremail("xxxxxx@qq.com");
sf.sendOrderMail(order);
}
}
收到邮件了
群发,带附件的测试
package com.javacrazyer.service.test;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.javacrazyer.comon.EmailService;
import com.javacrazyer.comon.Order;
public class UserServiceTest {
@Test
public void test() throws InterruptedException {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"applicationContext-html.xml");
EmailService sf = (EmailService) context.getBean("emailService");
Order order = new Order();
order.setUsername("cheneywu");
List<String> maillist = new ArrayList<String>();
maillist.add("XXXXXX@qq.com");
maillist.add("YYYYYY@qq.com");
sf.sendBatchEmail(order, maillist);
}
}
收到邮件了哦
看到了没有,这个上边有两个接收人,下边的是附件