Objective-C语法之KVC的使用 .

除了一般的赋值和取值的方法，我们还可以用Key-Value-Coding(KVC)键值编码来访问你要存取的类的属性。

下图来自苹果官网:

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[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0078/7092/0cb2df5f-c8ff-35ac-992c-aa87036706e0.jpg[/img]
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如何使用KVC存取对象属性呢?看个示例

1、使用KVC
定义一个Student类，继承于NSObject。

.h文件

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Student : NSObject
{
    NSString *name;
}
@end

.m文件

#import "Student.h"
@implementation Student
@end

.m文件也没有实现。name属性没有加property，原来的访问方法就访问不了name属性了。怎么办呢？用kvc就可以了

#import "Student.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool {
        Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
        [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
        NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
        NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);
    }
    return 0;
}

打印结果：

2012-07-20 15:04:09.920 objectiveC[1977:403] 学生姓名:张三

张三 这个值存进去了，通过valueForKey取出来了。

如果存的时候key和类属性的名称不一致会怎么样呢？

代码改成

[student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name1"];

运行，程序崩溃 ，打印：

2012-07-20 15:09:40.432 objectiveC[2069:403] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSUnknownKeyException', reason: '[<Student 0x106f14270> setValue:forUndefinedKey:]: this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key name1.'

提示没有这个name1 这个key。


2、键路径访问属性
如果访问这个类里中的属性中的属性呢？那就用到了键路径

关键字：键路径取值valueForKeyPath 键路径存值：forKeyPath

新建一个类Course，课程类，课程类有课程名称这个属性

.h文件

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Course : NSObject
{
    NSString *CourseName;
}
@end

.m文件

#import "Student.h"
@implementation Student
@end

在Student中添加Course属性 ,student.h文件中代码如下：

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@class Course;
@interface Student : NSObject
{
    NSString *name;
    Course *course;
}
@end

实现还是什么都没有，这里就不贴代码了

在main方法中，我们实验通过键路径访问Course中CourseName的属性

#import "Student.h"
#import "Course.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool {
        Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
        [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
        NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
        NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);

        Course *course = [[[Course alloc]init] autorelease];
        [course setValue:@"语文课" forKey:@"CourseName"];
        [student setValue:course forKey:@"course"];
        NSString *courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);

        //也可以这样存值
        [student setValue:@"数学课" forKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);

    }
    return 0;
}

24.}
#import "Student.h"
#import "Course.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
@autoreleasepool {
Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
[student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);

Course *course = [[[Course alloc]init] autorelease];
[course setValue:@"语文课" forKey:@"CourseName"];
[student setValue:course forKey:@"course"];
NSString *courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);

//也可以这样存值
[student setValue:@"数学课" forKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);

}
return 0;
}
运行打印结果：

2012-07-20 15:33:51.902 objectiveC[2415:403] 学生姓名:张三

2012-07-20 15:33:51.904 objectiveC[2415:403] 课程名称:语文课

2012-07-20 15:33:51.904 objectiveC[2415:403] 课程名称:数学课


3、自动封装基本数据类型

我们在Student类中添加分数属性 NSInteger point;

.h文件

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@class Course;
@interface Student : NSObject
{
    NSString *name;
    Course *course;
    NSInteger point;
}
@end

.m文件不改变就不管了
下面是main示例了

#import "Student.h"
#import "Course.h"

int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool {
        Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
        [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
        NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
        NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);

        Course *course = [[[Course alloc]init] autorelease];
        [course setValue:@"语文课" forKey:@"CourseName"];
        [student setValue:course forKey:@"course"];
        NSString *courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);

        //也可以这样存值
        [student setValue:@"数学课" forKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);

        [student setValue:@"88" forKeyPath:@"point"];
        NSString *point = [student valueForKey:@"point"];
        NSLog(@"分数:%@", point);

    }
    return 0;
}

打印结果：

2012-07-20 15:43:19.593 objectiveC[2533:403] 学生姓名:张三

2012-07-20 15:43:19.596 objectiveC[2533:403] 课程名称:语文课

2012-07-20 15:43:19.596 objectiveC[2533:403] 课程名称:数学课

2012-07-20 15:43:19.598 objectiveC[2533:403] 分数:88

我们用NSString*类型设置的属性值@"88"，而我们的属性是NSInteger类型的，存取都没有问题。


4、操作集合

在Student类中加入数组NSArray,用来表示其他的学生。这样我们可以添加多个其他的学生，再用集合操作计算学生的分数，最高分，最低分，平均分等

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@class Course;
@interface Student : NSObject
{
    NSString *name;
    Course *course;
    NSInteger point;
    NSArray *otherStudent;
}
@end

.m文件实现不变。

在main函数中添加三个学生，添加到数组中，然后求平均分，最高，最低分，学生数量

#import "Student.h"
#import "Course.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool {
        Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
        [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
        NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
        NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);

        [student setValue:@"88" forKey:@"point"];
        NSString *point = [student valueForKey:@"point"];
        NSLog(@"分数:%@", point);

        Student *student1 = [[[Student alloc][[Student alloc]init]autorelease];
        Student *student3 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease];
        [student1 setValue:@"65" forKey:@"point"];
        [student2 setValue:@"77" forKey:@"point"];
        [student3 setValue:@"99" forKey:@"point"];
        NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:student1,student2,student3,nil];
        [student setValue:array forKey:@"otherStudent"];
        NSLog(@"其他学生的成绩%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.point"]);
        NSLog(@"共%@个学生", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@count"]);
        NSLog(@"最高成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@max.point"]);
        NSLog(@"最低成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@min.point"]);
        NSLog(@"平均成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@avg.point"]);
    }
    return 0;
}

运行打印结果

2012-07-20 16:09:17.101 objectiveC[2857:403] 学生姓名:张三

2012-07-20 16:09:17.104 objectiveC[2857:403] 分数:88

2012-07-20 16:09:17.105 objectiveC[2857:403] 其他学生的成绩(

65,

77,

99

)

2012-07-20 16:09:17.106 objectiveC[2857:403] 共3个学生

2012-07-20 16:09:17.106 objectiveC[2857:403] 最高成绩:99

2012-07-20 16:09:17.107 objectiveC[2857:403] 最低成绩:65

2012-07-20 16:09:17.108 objectiveC[2857:403] 平均成绩:80.33333333utorelease];
Student *student2 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease];
Student *student3 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease];
[student1 setValue:@"65" forKey:@"point"];
[student2 setValue:@"77" forKey:@"point"];
[student3 setValue:@"99" forKey:@"point"];
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:student1,student2,student3,nil];
[student setValue:array forKey:@"otherStudent"];
NSLog(@"其他学生的成绩%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.point"]);
NSLog(@"共%@个学生", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@count"]);
NSLog(@"最高成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@max.point"]);
NSLog(@"最低成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@min.point"]);
NSLog(@"平均成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@avg.point"]);
}
return 0;
}[/code]

运行打印结果

2012-07-20 16:09:17.101 objectiveC[2857:403] 学生姓名:张三

2012-07-20 16:09:17.104 objectiveC[2857:403] 分数:88

2012-07-20 16:09:17.105 objectiveC[2857:403] 其他学生的成绩(

65,

77,

99

)

2012-07-20 16:09:17.106 objectiveC[2857:403] 共3个学生

2012-07-20 16:09:17.106 objectiveC[2857:403] 最高成绩:99

2012-07-20 16:09:17.107 objectiveC[2857:403] 最低成绩:65

2012-07-20 16:09:17.108 objectiveC[2857:403] 平均成绩:80.333333333333333333333333333333333333

还可以求总和 @sum。