MIME类型就是设定某种扩展名的文件用一种应用程序来打开的方式类型，当该扩展名文件被访问的时候，浏览器会自动使用指定应用程序来打开。多用于指定一些客户端自定义的文件名，以及一些媒体文件打开方式。
MIME的英文全称是"Multipurpose Internet Email Extension" 多功能Internet 邮件扩充服务，它是一种多用途网际邮件扩充协议，在1992年最早应用于电子邮件系统，但后来也应用到浏览器。服务器会将它们发送的多媒体数据的类型告诉浏览器，而通知手段就是说明该多媒体数据的MIME类型，从而让浏览器知道接收到的信息哪些是MP3文件，哪些是Shockwave文件等等。服务器将 MIME标志符放入传送的数据中来告诉浏览器使用哪种插件读取相关文件。
MIME能够支持非ASCII字符、二进制格式附件等多种格式的邮件消息。这个标准被定义在; RFC 2045，; RFC 2046，; RFC 2047，; RFC 2048，; RFC 2049等RFC中。 由RFC 822转变而来的RFC 2822，规定电子邮件标准并不允许在邮件消息中使用7位ASCII字符集以外的字符。正因如此，一些非英语字符消息和二进制文件，图像，声音等非文字消息都不能在电子邮件中传输。MIME规定了用于表示各种各样的数据类型的符号化方法。
浏览器接收到文件后，会进入插件系统进行查找，查找出哪种插件可以识别读取接收到的文件。如果浏览器不清楚调用哪种插件系统，它可能会告诉用户缺少某插件，或者直接选择某现有插件来试图读取接收到的文件，后者可能会导致系统的崩溃。传输的信息中缺少MIME标识可能导致的情况很难估计，因为某些计算机系统可能不会出现什么故障，但某些计算机可能就会因此而崩溃。
下表是常见的MIME type：
| Description of Data Content | Typical Filename Extensions | MIME type/subtype |
| Text and Text-Related Types | ||
| HTML text data (RFC 1866) | html htm | text/html |
| Plain text: documents; program listings | txt c c++ pl cc h | text/plain |
| Richtext (obsolete - replaced by text/enriched) | text/richtext | |
| Structure enhanced text | (etx?) | text/x-setext |
| Enriched text markup (RFC 1896) | text/enriched | |
| Tab-separated values (tabular) | (tsv?) | text/tab-separated-values |
| SGML documents (RFC 1874) | text/sgml | |
| Speech synthesis data (MVP Solutions) | talk | text/x-speech |
| Document Stylesheet Types | ||
| Cascading Stylesheets | css | text/css |
| DSSSL-online stylesheets | application/dsssl (proposed) | |
| Image Types | ||
| GIF | gif | image/gif |
| X-Windows bitmap (b/w) | xbm | image/x-xbitmap |
| X-Windows pixelmap (8-bit color) | xpm | image/x-xpixmap |
| Portable Network Graphics | png | image/x-png |
| Image Exchange Format (RFC 1314) | ief | image/ief |
| JPEG | jpeg jpg jpe | image/jpeg |
| TIFF | tiff tif | image/tiff |
| RGB | rgb | image/rgb |
| image/x-rgb | ||
| Group III Fax (RFC 1494) | g3f | image/g3fax |
| X Windowdump format | xwd | image/x-xwindowdump |
| Macintosh PICT format | pict | image/x-pict |
| PPM (UNIX PPM package) | ppm | image/x-portable-pixmap |
| PGM (UNIX PPM package) | pgm | image/x-portable-graymap |
| PBM (UNIX PPM package) | pbm | image/x-portable-bitmap |
| PNM (UNIX PPM package) | pnm | image/x-portable-anymap |
| Microsoft Windows bitmap | bmp | image/x-ms-bmp |
| CMU raster | ras | image/x-cmu-raster |
| Kodak Photo-CD | pcd | image/x-photo-cd |
| Computer Graphics Metafile | cgm | image/cgm |
| North Am. Presentation Layer Protocol | image/naplps | |
| CALS Type 1 or 2 | mil cal | image/x-cals |
| Fractal Image Format (Iterated Systems) | fif | image/fif |
| QuickSilver active image (Micrografx) | dsf | image/x-mgx-dsf |
| CMX vector image (Corel) | cmx | image/x-cmx |
| Wavelet-compressed (Summus) | wi | image/wavelet |
| AutoCad Drawing (SoftSource) | dwg | image/vnd.dwg |
| image/x-dwg | ||
| AutoCad DXF file (SoftSource) | dxf | image/vnd.dxf |
| image/x-dxf | ||
| Simple Vector Format (SoftSource) | svf | image/vnd.svf |
| also vector/x-svf | ||
| Audio/Voice/Music Related Types | ||
| "basic"audio - 8-bit u-law PCM | au snd | audio/basic |
| Macintosh audio format (AIpple) | aif aiff aifc | audio/x-aiff |
| Microsoft audio | wav | audio/x-wav |
| MPEG audio | mpa abs mpega | audio/x-mpeg |
| MPEG-2 audio | mp2a mpa2 | audio/x-mpeg-2 |
| compressed speech (Echo Speech Corp.) | es | audio/echospeech |
| Toolvox speech audio (Voxware) | vox | audio/voxware |
| RapidTransit compressed audio (Fast Man) | lcc | application/fastman |
| Realaudio (Progressive Networks) | ra ram | application/x-pn-realaudio |
| NIFF music notation data format | application/vnd.music-niff | |
| MIDI music data | mmid | x-music/x-midi |
| Koan music data (SSeyo) | skp | application/vnd.koan |
| application/x-koan | ||
| Speech synthesis data (MVP Solutions) | talk | text/x-speech |
| Video Types | ||
| MPEG video | mpeg mpg mpe | video/mpeg |
| MPEG-2 video | mpv2 mp2v | video/mpeg-2 |
| Macintosh Quicktime | qt mov | video/quicktime |
| Microsoft video | avi | video/x-msvideo |
| SGI Movie format | movie | video/x-sgi-movie |
| VDOlive streaming video (VDOnet) | vdo | video/vdo |
| Vivo streaming video (Vivo software) | viv | video/vnd.vivo |
| video/vivo | ||
| Special HTTP/Web Application Types | ||
| Proxy autoconfiguration (Netscape browsers) | pac | application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig |
| See Chapter 6 | application/x-www-form-urlencoded | |
| See Chapter 9 | application/x-www-local-exec | |
| See Chapter 9 (Netscape extension) | multipart/x-mixed-replace | |
| See Chapter 9 and Appendix B | multipart/form-data | |
| Netscape Cooltalk chat data (Netscape) | ice | x-conference/x-cooltalk |
| Interactive chat (Ichat) | application/x-chat | |
| Application Types | ||
| Text-Related | ||
| PostScript | ai eps ps | application/postscript |
| Microsoft Rich Text Format | rtf | application/rtf |
| Adobe Acrobat PDF | application/pdf | |
| application/x-pdf | ||
| Maker Interchange Format (FrameMaker) | mif | application/vnd.mif |
| application/x-mif | ||
| Troff document | t tr roff | application/x-troff |
| Troff document with MAN macros | man | application/x-troff-man |
| Troff document with ME macros | me | application/x-troff-me |
| Troff document with MS macros | ms | application/x-troff-ms |
| LaTeX document | latex | application/x-latex |
| Tex/LateX document | tex | application/x-tex |
| GNU TexInfo document | texinfo texi | application/x-texinfo |
| TeX dvi format | dvi | application/x-dvi |
| MacWrite document | ?? | application/macwriteii |
| MS word document | ?? | application/msword |
| WordPerfect 5.1 document | ?? | application/wordperfect5.1 |
| SGML application (RFC 1874) | application/sgml | |
| Office Document Architecture | oda | application/oda |
| Envoy Document | evy | application/envoy |
| Wang Info. Tranfer Format (Wang) | application/wita | |
| DEC Document Transfer Format (DEC) | application/dec-dx | |
| IBM Document Content Architecture (IBM) | application/dca-rft | |
| CommonGround Digital Paper (No Hands Software) | application/commonground | |
| FrameMaker Documents (Frame) | doc fm frm frame | application/vnd.framemaker |
| application/x-framemaker | ||
| Remote printing at arbitrary printers (RFC 1486) | application/remote-printing | |
| Archive/Compressed Archives | ||
| Gnu tar format | gtar | application/x-gtar |
| 4.3BSD tar format | tar | application/x-tar |
| POSIX tar format | ustar | application/x-ustar |
| Old CPIO format | bcpio | application/x-bcpio |
| POSIX CPIO format | cpio | application/x-cpio |
| UNIX sh shell archive | shar | application/x-shar |
| DOS/PC - Pkzipped archive | zip | application/zip |
| Macintosh Binhexed archive | hqx | application/mac-binhex40 |
| Macintosh Stuffit Archive | sit sea | application/x-stuffit |
| Fractal Image Format | fif | application/fractals |
| Binary, UUencoded | bin uu | application/octet-stream |
| PC executable | exe | application/octet-stream |
| WAIS "sources" | src wsrc | application/x-wais-source |
| NCSA HDF data format | hdf | application/hdf |
| Downloadable Program/Scripts | ||
| Javascript program | js ls mocha | text/javascript |
| application/x-javascript | ||
| VBScript program | text/vbscript | |
| UNIX bourne shell program | sh | application/x-sh |
| UNIX c-shell program | csh | application/x-csh |
| Perl program | pl | application/x-perl |
| Tcl (Tool Control Language) program | tcl | application/x-tcl |
| Atomicmail program scripts (obsolete) | application/atomicmail | |
| Slate documents - executable enclosures (BBN) | application/slate | |
| Undefined binary data (often executable progs) | application/octet-stream | |
| RISC OS Executable programs (ANT Limited) | application/riscos | |
| Animation/Multimedia | ||
| Andrew Toolkit inset | application/andrew-inset | |
| FutureSplash vector animation (FutureWave) | spl | application/futuresplash |
| mBED multimedia data (mBED) | mbd | application/mbedlet |
| Macromedia Shockwave (Macromedia) | application/x-director | |
| Sizzler real-time video/animation | application/x-sprite | |
| PowerMedia multimedia (RadMedia) | rad | application/x-rad-powermedia |
| Presentation | ||
| PowerPoint presentation (Microsoft) | ppz | application/mspowerpoint |
| PointPlus presentation data (Net Scene) | css | application/x-pointplus |
| ASAP WordPower (Software Publishing Corp.) | asp | application/x-asap |
| Astound Web Player multimedia data (GoldDisk) | asn | application/astound |
| Special Embedded Object | ||
| OLE script e.g. Visual Basic (Ncompass) | axs | application/x-olescript |
| OLE Object (Microsoft/NCompass) | ods | application/x-oleobject |
| OpenScape OLE/OCX objects (Business@Web) | opp | x-form/x-openscape |
| Visual Basic objects (Amara) | wba | application/x-webbasic |
| Specialized data entry forms (Alpha Software) | frm | application/x-alpha-form |
| client-server objects (Wayfarer Communications) | wfx | x-script/x-wfxclient |
| General Applications | ||
| Undefined binary data (often executable progs) | application/octet-stream | |
| CALS (U.S. D.O.D data format - RFC 1895) | application/cals-1840 | |
| Pointcast news data (Pointcast) | pcn | application/x-pcn |
| Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft) | application/vnd.ms-excel | |
| application/x-msexcel | ||
| application/ms-excel | ||
| PowerPoint (Microsoft) | ppt | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
| application/ms-powerpoint | ||
| Microsoft Project (Microsoft) | application/vnd.ms-project | |
| Works data (Microsoft) | application/vnd.ms-works | |
| MAPI data (Microsoft) | application/vnd.ms-tnef | |
| Artgallery data (Microsoft) | application/vnd.artgalry | |
| SourceView document (Dataware Electronics) | svd | application/vnd.svd |
| Truedoc (Bitstream) | application/vnd.truedoc | |
| Net Install - software install (20/20 Software) | ins | application/x-net-install |
| Carbon Copy - remote control/access (Microcom) | ccv | application/ccv |
| Spreadsheets (Visual Components) | vts | workbook/formulaone |
| Cybercash digital money (Cybercash) | application/cybercash | |
| Format for sending generic Macintosh files | application/applefile | |
| Active message -- connect to active mail app. | application/activemessage | |
| X.400 mail message body part (RFC 1494) | application/x400-bp | |
| USENET news message id (RFC 1036) | application/news-message-id | |
| USENET news message (RFC 1036) | application/news-transmission | |
| Multipart Types (mostly email) | ||
| Messages with multiple parts | multipart/mixed | |
| Messages with multiple, alternative parts | multipart/alternative | |
| Message with multiple, related parts | multipart/related | |
| Multiple parts are digests | multipart/digest | |
| For reporting of email status (admin.) | multipart/report | |
| Order of parts does not matter | multipart/parallel | |
| Macintosh file data | multipart/appledouble | |
| Aggregate messages; descriptor as header | multipart/header-set | |
| Container for voice-mail | multipart/voice-message | |
| HTML FORM data (see Ch. 9 and App. B) | multipart/form-data | |
| Infinite multiparts - See Chapter 9 (Netscape) | multipart/x-mixed-replace | |
| Message Types (mostly email) | ||
| MIME message | message/rfc822 | |
| Partial message | message/partial | |
| Message containing external references | message/external-body | |
| Message containing USENET news | message/news | |
| HTTP message | message/http | |
| 2D/3D Data/Virtual Reality Types | ||
| VRML data file | wrl vrml | x-world/x-vrml (changing to model/vrml) |
| WIRL - VRML data (VREAM) | vrw | x-world/x-vream |
| Play3D 3d scene data (Play3D) | p3d | application/x-p3d |
| Viscape Interactive 3d world data (Superscape) | svr | x-world/x-svr |
| WebActive 3d data (Plastic Thought) | wvr | x-world/x-wvr |
| QuickDraw3D scene data (Apple) | 3dmf | x-world/x-3dmf |
| Scientific/Math/CAD Types | ||
| Chemical types -- to communicate information about chemical models | chemical/* (several subtypes) | |
| Mathematica notebook | ma | application/mathematica |
| Computational meshes for numerical simulations | msh | x-model/x-mesh(evolving to model/mesh) |
| Vis5D 5-dimensional data | v5d | application/vis5d |
| IGES models -- CAD/CAM (CGM) data | igs | application/iges(evolving to model/iges?) |
| Autocad WHIP vector drawings | dwf | drawing/x-dwf |
| Largely Platform-Specific Types | ||
| Silicon Graphics Specific Types | ||
| Showcase Presentations | showcase slides sc sho show | application/x-showcase |
| Insight Manual pages | ins insight | application/x-insight |
| Iris Annotator data | ano | application/x-annotator |
| Directory Viewer | dir | application/x-dirview |
| Software License | lic | application/x-enterlicense |
| Fax manager file | faxmgr | application/x-fax-manager |
| Fax job data file | faxmgrjob | application/x-fax-manager-job |
| IconBook data | icnbk | application/x-iconbook |
| ? | wb | application/x-inpview |
| Installable software in 'inst' format | inst | application/x-install |
| Mail folder | application/x-mailfolder | |
| ? | pp ppages | application/x-ppages |
| Data for printer (via lpr) | sgi-lpr | application/x-sgi-lpr |
| Software in 'tardist' format | tardist | application/x-tardist |
| Software in compressed 'tardist' format | ztardist | application/x-ztardist |
| WingZ spreadsheet | wkz | application/x-wingz |
| Open Inventor 3-D scenes | iv | graphics/x-inventor |
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