1+N问题的描述:举例,多个主题(Topic)属于一个帖子(Category),一个帖子含有多个主题。当只需要查询Topic时不要查询Category时,如果@ManyToOne的属性fetch=FetchType.EAGER,这时查询所有Topic时,每查询一个Topic就会多产生一个SQL语句查询相关的Category表的数据,这样要是有N条Topic数据,就会产生1+N条SQL语句。同样的在@OneToMany的情况下,要是在Many方设置fetch=FetchType.EAGER,同样也会产生1+N的问题。
解决方案有三种:
-
fetch=FetchType.LAZY,设为懒加载
-
@BatchSize(size=5)代表一次取5条数据,这样取5条数据只要发出一条SQL语句,注意是用在被关联类上的(不建议用)
-
迫切左外连接检索 join fetch(Criteria 查询默认就是join fetch)
下面请看代码:
Category类
- package com.lbx.model;
- import javax.persistence.Entity;
- import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
- import javax.persistence.Id;
- import org.hibernate.annotations.BatchSize;
- @Entity
- @BatchSize(size=2)
- public class Category {
- private int id;
- private String name;
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue
- public int getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(int id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- }
package com.lbx.model;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import org.hibernate.annotations.BatchSize;
@Entity
@BatchSize(size=2)
public class Category {
private int id;
private String name;
@Id
@GeneratedValue
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
Topic类
- package com.lbx.model;
- import javax.persistence.Entity;
- import javax.persistence.FetchType;
- import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
- import javax.persistence.Id;
- import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
- @Entity
- public class Topic {
- private int id;
- private String title;
- private Category category;
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue
- public int getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(int id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getTitle() {
- return title;
- }
- public void setTitle(String title) {
- this.title = title;
- }
- //@ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
- @ManyToOne
- public Category getCategory() {
- return category;
- }
- public void setCategory(Category category) {
- this.category = category;
- }
- }
package com.lbx.model;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
@Entity
public class Topic {
private int id;
private String title;
private Category category;
@Id
@GeneratedValue
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
//@ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
@ManyToOne
public Category getCategory() {
return category;
}
public void setCategory(Category category) {
this.category = category;
}
}
hibernate.cfg.xml文件配置
- <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
- <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
- "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
- "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
- <hibernate-configuration>
- <session-factory>
- <!-- Database connection settings -->
- <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
- <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testhib</property>
- <property name="connection.username">root</property>
- <property name="connection.password">root</property>
- <!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) -->
- <!-- <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property> -->
- <!-- SQL dialect -->
- <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
- <!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management -->
- <!-- <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property> -->
- <!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout -->
- <property name="show_sql">true</property>
- <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
- <!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup -->
- <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
- <mapping class="com.lbx.model.Category"/>
- <mapping class="com.lbx.model.Topic"/>
- <mapping class="com.lbx.model.Msg"/>
- </session-factory>
- </hibernate-configuration>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <!-- Database connection settings --> <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testhib</property> <property name="connection.username">root</property> <property name="connection.password">root</property> <!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) --> <!-- <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property> --> <!-- SQL dialect --> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> <!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management --> <!-- <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property> --> <!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout --> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property> <!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup --> <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> <mapping class="com.lbx.model.Category"/> <mapping class="com.lbx.model.Topic"/> <mapping class="com.lbx.model.Msg"/> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
测试代码
- package com.lbx.model.test;
- import java.util.List;
- import javax.persistence.FetchType;
- import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
- import junit.framework.TestCase;
- import org.hibernate.Query;
- import org.hibernate.Session;
- import org.hibernate.lucene.Text;
- import com.lbx.hibernate.Util.HibUtil;
- import com.lbx.model.Category;
- import com.lbx.model.Msg;
- import com.lbx.model.Topic;
- public class Test extends TestCase {
- @Text
- public void save(){
- Session session = HibUtil.getSession();
- session.beginTransaction();
- for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
- Category c = new Category();
- c.setName("c" + i);
- Topic t = new Topic();
- t.setTitle("t" + i);
- t.setCategory(c);
- session.save(c);
- session.save(t);
- }
- session.beginTransaction().commit();
- session.close();
- }
- //1+N问题(这里我只要取出Topic就可以了)
- @Text
- public void testHQL_01(){
- Session session = HibUtil.getSession();
- session.beginTransaction();
- //List<Topic> topics = (List<Topic>)session.createCriteria(Topic.class).list();
- /**
- * 这里要是不把Topic类中不设 @ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY),这里就要发很多SQL语句,关联的表都会查
- * 但是设了@ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY) 之后就不会发出查询相关表的查询语句,用到的时候才发出
- */
- Query q = session.createQuery("from Topic");
- List<Topic> topics = (List<Topic>)q.list();
- System.out.println(topics.size());
- for (int i = 0; i < topics.size(); i++) {
- System.out.println(topics.get(i).getId() + " " + topics.get(i).getTitle());
- }
- session.beginTransaction().commit();
- session.close();
- }
- //用到被关联表的信息
- @Text
- public void testHQL_02(){
- Session session = HibUtil.getSession();
- session.beginTransaction();
- //List<Topic> topics = (List<Topic>)session.createCriteria(Topic.class).list();
- /**
- * 这里要是不把Topic类中不设 @ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY),这里就要发很多SQL语句,关联的表都会查
- * 但是设了@ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY) 之后就不会发出查询相关表的查询语句,用到的时候才发出
- */
- Query q = session.createQuery("from Topic");
- List<Topic> topics = (List<Topic>)q.list();
- System.out.println(topics.size());
- for (int i = 0; i < topics.size(); i++) {
- System.out.println(topics.get(i).getId() + " " + topics.get(i).getTitle());
- /**
- * 注意,在这里要用到Category类的信息,所以就会发出相关的查询信息
- */
- System.out.println(topics.get(i).getCategory().getId() + " " +
- topics.get(i).getCategory().getName());
- }
- session.beginTransaction().commit();
- session.close();
- }
- //@BatchSize的使用,其属性size=5就代表一次取5个
- @Text
- public void testHQL_03(){
- Session session = HibUtil.getSession();
- session.beginTransaction();
- //List<Topic> topics = (List<Topic>)session.createCriteria(Topic.class).list();
- /**
- * 这里要是不把Topic类中不设 @ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY),这里就要发很多SQL语句,关联的表都会查
- * 但是设了@ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY) 之后就不会发出查询相关表的查询语句,用到的时候才发出
- */
- Query q = session.createQuery("from Topic");
- List<Topic> topics = (List<Topic>)q.list();
- System.out.println(topics.size());
- for (int i = 0; i < topics.size(); i++) {
- System.out.println(topics.get(i).getId() + " " + topics.get(i).getTitle());
- /**
- * 注意,在这里要用到Category类的信息,所以就会发出相关的查询信息
- */
- System.out.println(topics.get(i).getCategory().getId() + " " +
- topics.get(i).getCategory().getName());
- }
- session.beginTransaction().commit();
- session.close();
- }
- // join fetch,迫切左外连接检索
- @Text
- public void testHQL_04(){
- Session session = HibUtil.getSession();
- session.beginTransaction();
- //Criteria 查询默认就是join fetch
- //List<Topic> topics = (List<Topic>)session.createCriteria(Topic.class).list();
- /**
- * 这里要是不把Topic类中不设 @ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY),这里就要发很多SQL语句,关联的表都会查
- * 但是设了@ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY) 之后就不会发出查询相关表的查询语句,用到的时候才发出
- */
- Query q = session.createQuery("from Topic t left join fetch t.category c");
- List<Topic> topics = (List<Topic>)q.list();
- System.out.println(topics.size());
- for (int i = 0; i < topics.size(); i++) {
- System.out.println(topics.get(i).getId() + " " + topics.get(i).getTitle());
- }
- session.beginTransaction().commit();
- session.close();
- }
- }