李雅普诺夫指数对应的特征方向

洛伦兹系统的李雅普诺夫指数的符号为 ( + , 0 , − ) (+,0,-) (+0)

https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2789(85)90011-9

  • Any continuous time-dependent dynamical system without a fixed point will have at least one
    zero exponent, corresponding to the slowly changing magnitude of a principal axis tangent to the flow
  • The sum of the Lyapunov exponents is the time-averaged divergence of the phase space
    velocity; hence any dissipative dynamical system will have at least one negative exponent, the sum of all of the exponents is negative, and the posttransient motion of trajectories will occur on a zero volume limit set, an attractor.
  • The exponential expansion indicated by a positive Lyapunov exponent is incompatible with motion on a bounded attractor unless some sort of folding process merges widely separated trajectories. Each positive exponent reflects a “direction” in which the system experiences the repeated stretching and folding that decorrelates nearby states on the attractor.

上面三段话如醍醐灌顶,可谓直达李雅普诺夫指数的本质

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