mysql二进制安装
将下载完成的压缩包拖入虚拟机中（用的是findshell）
[root@localhost ~]# ls
mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@localhost ~]# id mysql
uid=974(mysql) gid=973(mysql) 组=973(mysql)
[root@localhost ~]# grep mysql /etc/group
mysql:x:973:
解压压缩包,解压到/usr/local/下
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/
bin games lib libexec sbin src
etc include lib64 mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 share
解压完成的包名称太长，不方便后续操作，所以在这里设置一个别名
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 4月 7 05:49 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 46 5月 3 06:13 mysql -> /usr/local/mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 5月 3 06:10 mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 4月 7 05:49 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 src
将mysql包的属组改为mysql
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql*
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 4月 7 05:49 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 46 5月 3 06:13 mysql -> /usr/local/mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 5月 3 06:10 mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 4月 7 05:49 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 src
编写环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' >/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# which mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
创建目录，将目录的属组改为mysql
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 3 10:20 data
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data
[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 5月 3 10:20 data
初始化
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data
2021-05-03T12:07:50.450149Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-05-03T12:07:50.634722Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-05-03T12:07:50.669930Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-05-03T12:07:50.726011Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 2ea5b650-ac08-11eb-8206-000c29486c24.
2021-05-03T12:07:50.726672Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-05-03T12:07:51.234954Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-05-03T12:07:51.367218Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: h+Gjwoq6-urf
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'h+Gjwoq6-urf' > yh //初始密码，需记住
[root@localhost ~]# ls /opt/data
auto.cnf client-cert.pem ibdata1 mysql public_key.pem sys
ca-key.pem client-key.pem ib_logfile0 performance_schema server-cert.pem
ca.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 private_key.pem server-key.pem
编写配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
bin docs include lib LICENSE man README share support-files
[root@localhost support-files]# ls
magic mysqld_multi.server mysql-log-rotate mysql.server
复制这个脚本到另外目录下
[root@localhost support-files]# file mysql.server
mysql.server: POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable
[root@localhost support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost support-files]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/init.d/mysqld
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10576 5月 3 06:45 /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
在上面这个文件空白处插入以下两行（告诉数据库在那个位置）
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/data
启动服务
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
查看进程
root@localhost ~]# ps -ef |grep mysqld
root 75383 1 0 08:14 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/data --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid
mysql 75571 75383 0 08:14 pts/1 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/opt/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
发现用密码登录不上，报错信息提示需要按安装相关软件包
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'h+Gjwoq6-urf'
mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# dnf whatprovides libncurses.so.5
上次元数据过期检查：0:19:10 前，执行于 2021年05月03日 星期一 10时20分45秒。
ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.i686 : Ncurses compatibility libraries
仓库 ：baseos
匹配来源：
提供 : libncurses.so.5
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install ncurses-compat-libs
上次元数据过期检查：0:19:34 前，执行于 2021年05月03日 星期一 10时20分45秒。
依赖关系解决。
======================================================================================
软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小
======================================================================================
安装:
ncurses-compat-libs x86_64 6.1-7.20180224.el8 baseos 331 k
事务概要
======================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载：331 k
安装大小：1.2 M
下载软件包：
ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.3 MB/s | 331 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 356kB/s | 331 kB 00:00
警告：/var/cache/dnf/baseos-055ffcb2ec25a27f/packages/ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS Stream 8 - BaseOS 1.7 MB/s | 1.6 kB 00:00
导入 GPG 公钥 0x8483C65D:
Userid: "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
指纹: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
来自: /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
导入公钥成功
运行事务检查
事务检查成功。
运行事务测试
事务测试成功。
运行事务
准备中 : 1/1
安装 : ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.x86_64 1/1
运行脚本: ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.x86_64 1/1
验证 : ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.x86_64 1/1
Installed products updated.
已安装:
ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.x86_64
完毕！
安装完毕之后再使用密码登录，就可以等登录上了
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'h+Gjwoq6-urf'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.33
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
//更改密码
mysql> set password = password('ZHANGde12+Jun')；
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
做软链接，可以找到头文件
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
库文件所放的位置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.cnf
/usr/local/mysql/lib
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig
重新读取一下库文件，就可以找到lib了
二进制mysql安装步骤
下载安装包
创建用户
解压至指定目录
创建软链接
修改属主属组
设置环境变量
创建数据存放目录并修改属主属组
初始化并保存密码
修改配置文件
配置启动脚本和开机自启
头文件和库文件配置
启动并设置密码
mysql数据库备份与恢复
数据库备份方案：
全量备份
增量备份
差异备份
mysql备份工具mysqldump
创建一个数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database yh;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use yh; //进入数据库
Database changed
//创建表
mysql> create table student(id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(50),age tinyint,score float);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> desc student;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| score | float | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
//给表插入数据
mysql> insert student(name,age) values('tom',20),('jerry',21),('zhangshan',29),('lisi',19);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from student;
+----+-----------+------+-------+
| id | name | age | score |
+----+-----------+------+-------+
| 1 | tom | 20 | NULL |
| 2 | jerry | 21 | NULL |
| 3 | zhangshan | 29 | NULL |
| 4 | lisi | 19 | NULL |
+----+-----------+------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create table student; //查看表是怎么创建的
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| student | CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`age` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`score` float DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
//再创建一张表
mysql> CREATE TABLE `class1` (
-> `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
-> `age` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL,
-> `score` float DEFAULT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables; //查看到有两张表
+---------------+
| Tables_in_yh |
+---------------+
| class1 |
| student |
+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//向class1插入数据
mysql> insert class1(name,score) values('tom',67.5),('jerry',77.5),('zhangshan',59.9),('lisi',88);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from class1；
+----+-----------+------+-------+
| id | name | age | score |
+----+-----------+------+-------+
| 5 | tom | NULL | 67.5 |
| 6 | jerry | NULL | 77.5 |
| 7 | zhangshan | NULL | 59.9 |
| 8 | lisi | NULL | 88 |
+----+-----------+------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
全量备份
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pZHANGde12+Jun --all-databases > all-$(date "+%Y%m%d").sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ls
all-20210503.sql initial-setup-ks.cfg yh
anaconda-ks.cfg mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# less all-20210503.sql //查看备份的内容
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `mysql` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;
USE `mysql`;
--
-- Table structure for table `columns_priv`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `columns_priv`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `columns_priv` (
`Host` char(60) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Db` char(64) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`User` char(32) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Table_name` char(64) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Column_name` char(64) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Timestamp` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`Column_priv` set('Select','Insert','Update','References') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY (`Host`,`Db`,`User`,`Table_name`,`Column_name`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT='Column privileges';
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
//这里备份了我的yh数据库里面两张表的内容
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pZHANGde12+Jun yh class1 student > all-lang.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ls
all-20210503.sql anaconda-ks.cfg mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
all-lang.sql initial-setup-ks.cfg yh
针对表的备份
[root@localhost ~]# less all-lang.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`age` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`score` float DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `student`
--
LOCK TABLES `student` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `student` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (1,'tom',20,NULL),(2,'jerry',21,NULL),(3,'zhangshan',29,NULL),(4,'lisi',19,NULL);
针对库的备份
[root@localhost ~]# less yh.sql
Current Database: `yh`
--
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `yh` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;
USE `yh`;
--
-- Table structure for table `class1`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `class1`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `class1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`age` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`score` float DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=9 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
对库进行删除备份
删除yh这个数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -e 'drop database yh;'
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -e 'show databases;'
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
//进入mysql创建一个数据库,然后再去读取那个库文件
mysql> create database lang;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use lang;
Database changed
mysql> source all-lang.sql;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
这里就读取出来了
mysql> show tables;
+--------------+
| Tables_in_lang |
+--------------+
| class1 |
| student |
+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//表内的数据也同样的备份过来了。
mysql> select * from class1;
+----+-----------+------+-------+
| id | name | age | score |
+----+-----------+------+-------+
| 5 | tom | NULL | 67.5 |
| 6 | jerry | NULL | 77.5 |
| 7 | zhangshan | NULL | 59.9 |
| 8 | lisi | NULL | 88 |
+----+-----------+------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
这样的备份，可以不用之前的数据库的名字，这里我换了一个数据库的名字，也可以备份过来。这个数据可以恢复到另外一个数据库内
恢复数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql < zdj.sql （< : 表示我的数据库来源于这个文件）
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -e 'show databases;'
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
|yh |
+--------------------+
//恢复过来了
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -e 'select * from zdj.class1;'
+----+-----------+------+-------+
| id | name | age | score |
+----+-----------+------+-------+
| 5 | tom | NULL | 67.5 |
| 6 | jerry | NULL | 77.5 |
| 7 | zhangshan | NULL | 59.9 |
| 8 | lisi | NULL | 88 |
+----+-----------+------+-------+
//数据库内的表也都恢复好了
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -e 'drop database yh;' //删除我的数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -e 'show databases;' //查看
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -e 'create database yh;' //创建一个数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql yh < all-lang.sql //把我备份的文件备份到刚刚创建的数据库里
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -e 'show tables from yh;'
+---------------+
| Tables_in_zdj |
+---------------+
| class1 |
| student |
+---------------+
//已经备份进来了
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