1. map和set的模拟实现
map和set底层都是红黑树，为了实现更高维的泛型编程，便于复用，我们让map和set用同一颗红黑树。(SGI源码也是这样的)
库里的具体做法是map、set、rb_tree都设置两个模板参数，根据第二个模板参数接收的类型来分辨map和set。虽然第一个参数都是Key，但是不能省略，因为对于map而言有些函数接口必须传Key。
根据需求改造我们的红黑树，我们不用像库里面继承搞那么复杂，我们用一个模板参数T来控制。
#pragma once
enum Colour
{
RED,
BLACK,
};
template<class T>
struct RBTreeNode
{
RBTreeNode<T>* _left;
RBTreeNode<T>* _right;
RBTreeNode<T>* _parent;
T _data; // 数据
Colour _col;
RBTreeNode(const T& data)
:_data(data)
, _left(nullptr)
, _right(nullptr)
, _parent(nullptr)
, _col(RED)
{}
};
2. RBTree.h
2.1 pair的比较
因为map的_date是pair<k,v>，虽然pair比较大小能通过编译，但并不是我们预期的效果，pair本身比较大小是key小就小，如果不是，则value小的小。
为了实现pair的正确比较大小，我们在RBTree的模板参数中增加一个KeyOfT的仿函数，它的作用是支持取出T对象中的Key。map和set来提供这个仿函数。
2.2 迭代器的封装
为了实现红黑树迭代器的++和–，我们需要重载。
template<class T, class Ref, class Ptr>
struct __RBTreeIterator
{
typedef RBTreeNode<T> Node;
typedef __RBTreeIterator<T, Ref, Ptr> Self;//迭代器太长了，typedef一下
Node* _node;
__RBTreeIterator(Node* node)
:_node(node)
{}
Ref operator*()
{
return _node->_data;
}
Ptr operator->()
{
return &_node->_data;
}
Self& operator++()
{
if (_node->_right == nullptr)
{
// 找祖先里面，孩子是父亲左的那个
Node* cur = _node;
Node* parent = cur->_parent;
while (parent && parent->_right == cur)
{
cur = cur->_parent;
parent = parent->_parent;
}
_node = parent;
}
else
{
// 右子树的最左节点
Node* subLeft = _node->_right;
while (subLeft->_left)
{
subLeft = subLeft->_left;
}
_node = subLeft;
}
return *this;
}
// 后置++
Self operator++(int)
{
Self tmp(*this);
++(*this);
return tmp;
}
Self& operator--()
{
if (_node->_left == nullptr)
{
// 找祖先里面，孩子是父亲
Node* cur = _node;
Node* parent = cur->_parent;
while (parent && cur == parent->_left)
{
cur = cur->_parent;
parent = parent->_parent;
}
_node = parent;
}
else
{
// 左子树的最右节点
Node* subRight = _node->_left;
while (subRight->_right)
{
subRight = subRight->_right;
}
_node = subRight;
}
return *this;
}
Self operator--(int)
{
Self tmp(*this);
--(*this);
return tmp;
}
bool operator!=(const Self& s) const
{
return _node != s._node;
}
bool operator==(const Self& s) const
{
return _node == s->_node;
}
};
2.3 RBTree代码
#pragma once
enum Colour
{
RED,
BLACK,
};
template<class T>
struct RBTreeNode
{
RBTreeNode<T>* _left;
RBTreeNode<T>* _right;
RBTreeNode<T>* _parent;
T _data; // 数据
Colour _col;
RBTreeNode(const T& data)
:_data(data)
, _left(nullptr)
, _right(nullptr)
, _parent(nullptr)
, _col(RED)
{}
};
template<class T, class Ref, class Ptr>
struct __RBTreeIterator
{
typedef RBTreeNode<T> Node;
typedef __RBTreeIterator<T, Ref, Ptr> Self;
Node* _node;
__RBTreeIterator(Node* node)
:_node(node)
{}
Ref operator*()
{
return _node->_data;
}
Ptr operator->()
{
return &_node->_data;
}
Self& operator++()
{
if (_node->_right == nullptr)
{
// 找祖先里面，孩子是父亲左的那个
Node* cur = _node;
Node* parent = cur->_parent;
while (parent && parent->_right == cur)
{
cur = cur->_parent;
parent = parent->_parent;
}
_node = parent;
}
else
{
// 右子树的最左节点
Node* subLeft = _node->_right;
while (subLeft->_left)
{
subLeft = subLeft->_left;
}
_node = subLeft;
}
return *this;
}
Self operator++(int)
{
Self tmp(*this);
++(*this);
return tmp;
}
//右 根 左
Self& operator--()
{
if (_node->_left == nullptr)
{
// 找祖先里面，孩子是父亲右的那个
Node* cur = _node;
Node* parent = cur->_parent;
while (parent && cur == parent->_left)
{
cur = cur->_parent;
parent = parent->_parent;
}
_node = parent;
}
else
{
// 左子树的最右节点
Node* subRight = _node->_left;
while (subRight->_right)
{
subRight = subRight->_right;
}
_node = subRight;
}
return *this;
}
Self operator--(int)
{
Self tmp(*this);
--(*this);
return tmp;
}
bool operator!=(const Self& s) const
{
return _node != s._node;
}
bool operator==(const Self& s) const
{
return _node == s->_node;
}
};
// T决定红黑树存什么数据
// set RBTree<K, K>
// map RBTree<K, pair<K, V>>
// KeyOfT -> 支持取出T对象中key的仿函数
template<class K, class T, class KeyOfT>
class RBTree
{
typedef RBTreeNode<T> Node;
public:
typedef __RBTreeIterator<T, T&, T*> iterator;
typedef __RBTreeIterator<T, const T&, const T*> const_iterator;
// 构造 拷贝构造 赋值 和析构 跟搜索树实现方式是一样的
//最左节点左begin,本身做end，左闭右开，不对称边界原则。
iterator Begin()
{
Node* subLeft = _root;
while (subLeft && subLeft->_left)
{
subLeft = subLeft->_left;
}
return iterator(subLeft);
}
iterator End()
{
return iterator(nullptr);
}
const_iterator Begin() const
{
Node* subLeft = _root;
while (subLeft && subLeft->_left)
{
subLeft = subLeft->_left;
}
return const_iterator(subLeft);
}
const_iterator End() const
{
return const_iterator(nullptr);
}
//为了支持map的operator[]
pair<iterator, bool> Insert(const T& data)
{
// 1、搜索树的规则插入
// 2、看是否违反平衡规则，如果违反就需要处理：旋转
if (_root == nullptr)
{
_root = new Node(data);
_root->_col = BLACK;
return make_pair(iterator(_root), true);
}
KeyOfT kot;
Node* parent = nullptr;
Node* cur = _root;
while (cur)
{
if (kot(cur->_data) < kot(data))
{
parent = cur;
cur = cur->_right;
}
else if (kot(cur->_data) > kot(data))
{
parent = cur;
cur = cur->_left;
}
else
{
return make_pair(iterator(cur), true);
}
}
cur = new Node(data);
Node* newnode = cur;
cur->_col = RED;
if (kot(parent->_data) < kot(data))
{
parent->_right = cur;
}
else
{
parent->_left = cur;
}
cur->_parent = parent;
// 存在连续红色节点
while (parent && parent->_col == RED)
{
Node* grandfater = parent->_parent;
assert(grandfater);
if (grandfater->_left == parent)
{
Node* uncle = grandfater->_right;
// 情况一：
if (uncle && uncle->_col == RED) // 叔叔存在且为红
{
// 变色
parent->_col = uncle->_col = BLACK;
grandfater->_col = RED;
// 继续往上处理
cur = grandfater;
parent = cur->_parent;
}
else // 叔叔不存在 或者 叔叔存在且为黑
{
if (cur == parent->_left) // 单旋
{
// g
// p
// c
RotateR(grandfater);
parent->_col = BLACK;
grandfater->_col = RED;
}
else // 双旋
{
// g
// p
// c
RotateL(parent);
RotateR(grandfater);
cur->_col = BLACK;
grandfater->_col = RED;
}
break;
}
}
else //(grandfater->_right == parent)
{
Node* uncle = grandfater->_left;
// 情况一：
if (uncle && uncle->_col == RED)
{
// 变色
parent->_col = uncle->_col = BLACK;
grandfater->_col = RED;
// 继续往上处理
cur = grandfater;
parent = cur->_parent;
}
else
{
if (cur == parent->_right)
{
// g
// p
// c
RotateL(grandfater);
parent->_col = BLACK;
grandfater->_col = RED;
}
else // 双旋
{
// g
// p
// c
RotateR(parent);
RotateL(grandfater);
cur->_col = BLACK;
grandfater->_col = RED;
}
break;
}
}
}
_root->_col = BLACK;
return make_pair(iterator(newnode), true);
}
void RotateL(Node* parent)
{
Node* subR = parent->_right;
Node* subRL = subR->_left;
parent->_right = subRL;
if (subRL)
subRL->_parent = parent;
Node* ppNode = parent->_parent;
subR->_left = parent;
parent->_parent = subR;
if (parent == _root)
{
_root = subR;
_root->_parent = nullptr;
}
else
{
if (parent == ppNode->_left)
{
ppNode->_left = subR;
}
else
{
ppNode->_right = subR;
}
subR->_parent = ppNode;
}
}
void RotateR(Node* parent)
{
Node* subL = parent->_left;
Node* subLR = subL->_right;
parent->_left = subLR;
if (subLR)
subLR->_parent = parent;
Node* ppNode = parent->_parent;
subL->_right = parent;
parent->_parent = subL;
if (parent == _root)
{
_root = subL;
_root->_parent = nullptr;
}
else
{
if (ppNode->_left == parent)
{
ppNode->_left = subL;
}
else
{
ppNode->_right = subL;
}
subL->_parent = ppNode;
}
}
iterator Find(const K& key)
{
Node* cur = _root;
KeyOfT kot;
while (cur)
{
if (kot(cur->_data) < key)
{
cur = cur->_right;
}
else if (kot(cur->_data) > key)
{
cur = cur->_left;
}
else
{
return iterator(cur);
}
}
return End();
}
private:
Node* _root = nullptr;
};
3. set
#pragma once
#include "RBTree.h"
namespace Yuucho
{
template<class K>
class set
{
struct SetKeyOfT
{
const K& operator()(const K& key)
{
return key;
}
};
public:
typedef typename RBTree<K, K, SetKeyOfT>::const_iterator iterator;
typedef typename RBTree<K, K, SetKeyOfT>::const_iterator const_iterator;
//如果不加const，begin返回的是普通迭代器就会有问题
//加了const以后this->_t就会转换成const this->_t
//就会去调用const版本的begin类型就对上了
iterator begin() const
{
return _t.Begin();
}
iterator end() const
{
return _t.End();
}
//取普通迭代器构造const迭代器类型
pair<iterator, bool> insert(const K& key)
{
//pair<typename RBTree<K, K, SetKeyOfT>::iterator, bool> ret = _t.Insert(key);
auto ret = _t.Insert(key);
return pair<iterator, bool>(iterator(ret.first._node), ret.second);
}
iterator find(const K& key)
{
return _t.Find(key);
}
private:
RBTree<K, K, SetKeyOfT> _t;
};
void test_set1()
{
set<int> s;
s.insert(8);
s.insert(6);
s.insert(11);
s.insert(5);
s.insert(6);
s.insert(7);
s.insert(10);
s.insert(13);
s.insert(12);
s.insert(15);
set<int>::iterator it = s.begin();
while (it != s.end())
{
cout << *it << " ";
++it;
}
cout << endl;
for (auto e : s)
{
cout << e << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
}
4. map
#pragma once
#include "RBTree.h"
namespace Yuucho
{
template<class K, class V>
class map
{
struct MapKeyOfT
{
const K& operator()(const pair<K, V>& kv)
{
return kv.first;
}
};
public:
typedef typename RBTree<K, pair<K, V>, MapKeyOfT>::iterator iterator;
typedef typename RBTree<K, pair<K, V>, MapKeyOfT>::const_iterator const_iterator;
iterator begin()
{
return _t.Begin();
}
iterator end()
{
return _t.End();
}
pair<iterator, bool> insert(const pair<K, V>& kv)
{
return _t.Insert(kv);
}
iterator find(const K& key)
{
return _t.Find(key);
}
V& operator[](const K& key)
{
pair<iterator, bool> ret = insert(make_pair(key, V()));
return ret.first->second;
}
private:
RBTree<K, pair<K, V>, MapKeyOfT> _t;
};
void test_map1()
{
map<string, int> m;
m.insert(make_pair("111", 1));
m.insert(make_pair("555", 5));
m.insert(make_pair("333", 3));
m.insert(make_pair("222", 2));
map<string, int>::iterator it = m.begin();
while (it != m.end())
{
cout << it->first << ":" << it->second << endl;
++it;
}
cout << endl;
for (auto& kv : m)
{
cout << kv.first << ":" << kv.second << endl;
}
cout << endl;
}
void test_map2()
{
string arr[] = { "ƻ", "", "ƻ", "", "ƻ", "ƻ", "", "ƻ", "㽶", "ƻ", "㽶" };
map<string, int> countMap;
for (auto& str : arr)
{
countMap[str]++;
}
for (const auto& kv : countMap)
{
cout << kv.first << ":" << kv.second << endl;
}
}
void test_map3()
{
map<string, string> dict;
dict["insert"];
dict["insert"] = "";
dict["left"] = "";
}
}
ke_pair("555", 5));
m.insert(make_pair("333", 3));
m.insert(make_pair("222", 2));
map<string, int>::iterator it = m.begin();
while (it != m.end())
{
cout << it->first << ":" << it->second << endl;
++it;
}
cout << endl;
for (auto& kv : m)
{
cout << kv.first << ":" << kv.second << endl;
}
cout << endl;
}
void test_map2()
{
string arr[] = { "ƻ", "", "ƻ", "", "ƻ", "ƻ", "", "ƻ", "㽶", "ƻ", "㽶" };
map<string, int> countMap;
for (auto& str : arr)
{
countMap[str]++;
}
for (const auto& kv : countMap)
{
cout << kv.first << ":" << kv.second << endl;
}
}
void test_map3()
{
map<string, string> dict;
dict["insert"];
dict["insert"] = "";
dict["left"] = "";
}
}
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