在CLion中重定向scanf()和printf()函数至串口#STM32

嵌入式串口交互：在CLion中链接的是GNU-Tools-ARM-Embedded\arm-none-eabi\include里面的stdio.h，需重构syscalls.c中以下回调函数或者在项目中添加retarget.h和.c文件并注释掉syscalls.c中同名函数：

int _isatty(int fd)
int _write(int fd, char *ptr, int len)
int _close(int fd)
int _lseek(int fd, int ptr, int dir)
int _read(int fd, char *ptr, int len)
int _fstat(int fd, struct stat *st)

新建一个retarget.h文件内容如下：

#ifndef _RETARGET_H__
#define _RETARGET_H__

#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdio.h>

void RetargetInit(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart);

int _isatty(int fd);
int _write(int fd, char *ptr, int len);
int _close(int fd);
int _lseek(int fd, int ptr, int dir);
int _read(int fd, char *ptr, int len);
int _fstat(int fd, struct stat *st);

#endif //#ifndef _RETARGET_H__

再新建一个retarget.c文件内容如下：

#include <_ansi.h>
#include <_syslist.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/times.h>
#include <retarget.h>
#include <stdint.h>

#if !defined(OS_USE_SEMIHOSTING)

#define STDIN_FILENO  0
#define STDOUT_FILENO 1
#define STDERR_FILENO 2

UART_HandleTypeDef *gHuart;

void RetargetInit(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)

{
    gHuart = huart;
    /* Disable I/O buffering for STDOUT stream, so that
     * chars are sent out as soon as they are printed. */
    setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
}

int _isatty(int fd)
{
    if (fd >= STDIN_FILENO && fd <= STDERR_FILENO)
        return 1;
    errno = EBADF;
    return 0;
}

int _write(int fd, char *ptr, int len)
{
    HAL_StatusTypeDef hstatus;
    if (fd == STDOUT_FILENO || fd == STDERR_FILENO)
    {
        hstatus = HAL_UART_Transmit(gHuart, (uint8_t *) ptr, len, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
        if (hstatus == HAL_OK)
            return len;
        else
            return EIO;
    }
    errno = EBADF;
    return -1;
}

int _close(int fd)
{
    if (fd >= STDIN_FILENO && fd <= STDERR_FILENO)
        return 0;
    errno = EBADF;
    return -1;
}

int _lseek(int fd, int ptr, int dir)
{
    (void) fd;
    (void) ptr;
    (void) dir;
    errno = EBADF;
    return -1;
}

int _read(int fd, char *ptr, int len)
{
    HAL_StatusTypeDef hstatus;
    if (fd == STDIN_FILENO)
    {
        hstatus = HAL_UART_Receive(gHuart, (uint8_t *) ptr, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
        if (hstatus == HAL_OK)
            return 1;
        else
            return EIO;
    }
    errno = EBADF;
    return -1;
}

int _fstat(int fd, struct stat *st)
{
    if (fd >= STDIN_FILENO && fd <= STDERR_FILENO)
    {
      st->st_mode = S_IFCHR;
      return 0;
    }
    errno = EBADF;
    return 0;
}

需要注意的是：printf()和scanf()都是用轮询方式，没有使用中断。调用scanf()在串口助手中输入数据时，必须以空格结束，然后点击发送，否则无法完成发送（mcu会认为串口一直没有收到数据）,一直处于判断串口Flag的状态（__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG()），陷入UART_WaitOnFlagUntilTimeout()函数下的while循环当中出不来。

附上调试成功后的效果：串口交互 Hello world！

main.c中添加代码：

#include "retarget.h"

UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;    //声明串口句柄
MX_USART1_UART_Init();        //STM32CubeMX生成

RetargetInit(&huart1);

int main(void)
{
    // 此处省略初始化代码
    while (1)
    {
        char buff[100];
        printf("\r\n Your name:");
        scanf("%s",buff);
        printf("\r\nHello,%s!\r\n",buff);
        return 0;
    }
}

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