详解轻型数据库SharedPreferences及登录界面的应用

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-09 18:49:08 发布

我爱飘柔

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-09 18:49:08 发布

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文章标签： SharedPreferences登录界 android 轻型数据库

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/j06100610/article/details/47792311

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大家好，今天给大家带来轻型数据库SharedPreferences，它是一个非常便捷的数据库，存入的是xml键对值数据，数据类型包（ints,floats,boolean,strings,longs,Set<String>(android 11以后)，存放位置：/data/data/<包名>/shared_prefs，存放的是应用私有的数据，主要用于软件偏好设置，简单信息存取、数据缓存等，接下来我就用登录界面的例子，加深大家对sharePreference理解。

布局xml文件：

1.R.layout.activity_main

</RelativeLayout>

布局很简单，就是用相对布局实现的。‘

2.activity_system.xml

</RelativeLayout>

第二个页面是成功页面，由第一个页面跳到页面二就表示成功了。

3.MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

private static final String SEED = "android";
private EditText mAccount_et;
private EditText mPass_et;
private CheckBox mRem_cb;
private Context context;
private SharedPreferences mSp;

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
  setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

initViews();// 初始化组件
getValue();// 得到SharedPreferences的值

}

/**
* 得到SharedPreferences的值
*/
private void getValue() {
// 参数二：默认值
if (mSp.getBoolean("isChecked", false)) {

   String SpAccount = mSp.getString("username", null);
   mAccount_et.setText(SpAccount);
   String SpPass = mSp.getString("password", null);
   try {

    // 给密码解密
    mPass_et.setText(AESEncryptor.decrypt(SEED, SpPass));
   } catch (Exception e) {
    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    e.printStackTrace();
   }

mRem_cb.setChecked(true);
}
}

/**
* 初始化组件
*/
private void initViews() {

  mAccount_et = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.account_et);
  mPass_et = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.pass_et);
  mRem_cb = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.rem_cb);
  context = this;
  mSp = getSharedPreferences("info", MODE_PRIVATE);
}

/**
* 登录点击事件
*/
public void login(View v) {

  String accountValue = mAccount_et.getText().toString().trim();
  String passValue = mPass_et.getText().toString().trim();
  // SharedPreferences编辑器
  Editor edit = mSp.edit();
  if (accountValue.length() > 0 && passValue.length() > 0) {

   if (mRem_cb.isChecked()) {
    // 创建编辑器
    // edit.putString(key,value);
    edit.putString("username", accountValue);
    try {
     // 把输入的密码加密encrypt
     edit.putString("password",
       AESEncryptor.encrypt(SEED, passValue));
    } catch (Exception e) {
     // TODO Auto-generated catch block
     e.printStackTrace();
    }
    edit.putBoolean("isChecked", true);

} else {
edit.putBoolean("isChecked", false);

   }
   // 提交
   edit.commit();
   // 跳转页面
   Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, SystemActivity.class);
   startActivity(intent);

  } else {
   Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "账号和密码都不能为空..",
     Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

/**
* 注册点击事件
*/
public void register(View v) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "注册成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

我这里用到了加密和解密技术，因为密码是很私有的数据，不能把数据完全暴露给别人看，存在安全问题，我导入了一个加密和解密java文件，调用它的方法就行了。

4.AESEncryptor.java
    public static String encrypt(String seed, String cleartext) throws Exception {
        byte[] rawKey = getRawKey(seed.getBytes());
        byte[] result = encrypt(rawKey, cleartext.getBytes());
        return toHex(result);
    }

    public static String decrypt(String seed, String encrypted) throws Exception {
        byte[] rawKey = getRawKey(seed.getBytes());
        byte[] enc = toByte(encrypted);
        byte[] result = decrypt(rawKey, enc);
        return new String(result);
    }

    private static byte[] getRawKey(byte[] seed) throws Exception {
        KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
        SecureRandom sr = null;
      if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 17) {
        sr = SecureRandom.getInstance("SHA1PRNG", "Crypto");
      } else {
        sr = SecureRandom.getInstance("SHA1PRNG");
      }
        sr.setSeed(seed);
        kgen.init(256, sr); // 192 and 256 bits may not be available
        SecretKey skey = kgen.generateKey();
        byte[] raw = skey.getEncoded();
        return raw;

    }


    private static byte[] encrypt(byte[] raw, byte[] clear) throws Exception {
        SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES");
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec);
        byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(clear);
        return encrypted;
    }

    private static byte[] decrypt(byte[] raw, byte[] encrypted) throws Exception {
        SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES");
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, skeySpec);
        byte[] decrypted = cipher.doFinal(encrypted);
        return decrypted;
    }

    public static String toHex(String txt) {
        return toHex(txt.getBytes());
    }
    public static String fromHex(String hex) {
        return new String(toByte(hex));
    }

    public static byte[] toByte(String hexString) {
        int len = hexString.length()/2;
        byte[] result = new byte[len];
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
            result[i] = Integer.valueOf(hexString.substring(2*i, 2*i+2), 16).byteValue();
        return result;
    }

    public static String toHex(byte[] buf) {
        if (buf == null)
            return "";
        StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(2*buf.length);
        for (int i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
            appendHex(result, buf[i]);
        }
        return result.toString();
    }
    private final static String HEX = "0123456789ABCDEF";
    private static void appendHex(StringBuffer sb, byte b) {
        sb.append(HEX.charAt((b>>4)&0x0f)).append(HEX.charAt(b&0x0f));
    }
}